background & aim : the process of delivery, from physiologic point of view, is similar to long exercises and decrease in physical activities is so common during pregnancy which could cause disruptions in the process of delivery. the present study aimed to determine the effects of exercise on childbirth process among primigravid women. methods & materials : this single-blind randomized clinical ...

Epidemiologic evidence regarding the influence of maternal obesity on the risk of oral clefts is inconsistent. It is unknown whether increases in maternal weight before pregnancy are related to the risk of these malformations. The authors conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden among 220,328 women who had their first two pregnancies between 1992 and 2004. The risk of oral clefts dur...

This study investigated the relation between weekly levels of influenza activity and the risk of acute influenza-like illness episodes among 8,323 healthy pregnant and postpartum women enrolled in a Puget Sound region, Washington, health maintenance organization, Group Health Cooperative, between June 1991 and December 1997. The authors classified weeks between October and May for isolate activ...

Background. The optimal treatment for management of esophageal achalasia in pregnancy is controversial. Little information exists about pregnancy outcome after successful myotomy. Case. Achalasia in pregnancy was diagnosed when a patient presented with pneumomediastinum from microrupture of the overdistended esophagus. An attempt at surgical correction failed due to the development of aspiratio...

OBJECTIVE To compare the time-course of breast milk leptin levels between term and preterm pregnancy. DESIGN Open longitudinal prospective randomised study. METHODS RIA of leptin levels in milk from 33 mothers (term pregnancy: n=24; preterm: n=9) at three postpartum intervals: 2-3 days, 4-5 days and 6 weeks (intervals A, B and C), combined with serum in 23 mothers (term: n=17; preterm: n=6)...

In postpartum cows, ovulatory follicle size at time of insemination (GnRH/TAI) influenced pregnancy rates following TAI, but had no effect on pregnancy rates when cows spontaneously ovulated. Furthermore, cows that exhibited estrus (± 24 h of GnRH/TAI) had higher pregnancy rates compared to cows not in estrus. The objective was to assess the relationship between ovulatory follicle size and estr...

The purposes of this study were to examine the association between self-reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy and birth weight, prematurity, and small-for-gestational age infants and to determine whether these associations differ by maternal age. Data from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System from two states that collected data on both passive and active sm...

OBJECTIVE To examine, following statewide dissemination, the influence of an evidence-based home visitation program for first-time mothers on reductions of subsequent pregnancies across time and different locations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Replication sites for the Nurse-Family Partnership (17 urban sites and 6 rural sites) across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania between ...

BACKGROUND Couples with recurrent miscarriages make several visits to specialized clinics for investigations before treatment is offered. Consequently, 'the interval' between receipt of referral and advice to try for a pregnancy is often lengthy. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of a 'one-stop' clinic on 'the interval', throughput and the outcome from this clinic. METHO...