background: prevention of unwanted pregnancy is a key strategy to improve the women’s health through spacing of birth and avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages. unmet need by definition is the percentage of fecund married women who are not using contraceptives while they do not want to get pregnant. they do this due to unavailable quality services, limited choice of methods, lack of inf...

background: endometrial secretion analysis is a non-invasive and promising method in evaluation of endometrial receptivity. objective: the aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the success rate of ivf procedures and some endometrial secretion cytokines, including interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor (tnf-α), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (ip-10), and mon...

Introduction:  Preeclampsia is the common and dangerous complication of pregnancy with unknown reason. Multiple causes such as depression, psychological and physical stress may be involved in its development. This study was performed to determine the relationship between anxiety during pregnancy and the incidence of preeclampsia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 150 pregnant wo...

Introduction: Hormonal changes during pregnancy are along with oral changes such as pregnancy gingivitis, halitosis, pregnancy tumor and teeth erosion. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of these oral changes in pregnant and non-pregnant women.  Methods and materials: In this observational, analytic, case-control study, 124 pregnant women and 124 non-pregnant women refe...

background: ca-125 is a glycoprotein and its origin is uncertain during pregnancy. it arises during the first trimester and return to a non-pregnancy range in late pregnancy. objective: the aim of this study was to compare ca-125 level in threatened abortion and normal pregnancy less than 20 weeks of pregnancy. materials and methods: this was a prospective case study carried out on 50 healthy p...

background and objectives: the diagnosis of pregnancy associated adnexal masses is rising due to routine utilization of sonography in prenatal care. the purpose of this study was to describe pregnancy associated adnexal masses over a period of 10 years. patients and methods: a retrospective study was reviewed hospital records of all pregnant women with adnexal mass that underwent surgical resec...