HIV-1 is transcriptionally active in activated T helper (Th)-cells and inactive in naive or resting memory Th-cells. Ets-2 is a preinduction transcriptional repressor of the IL-2 gene in naive Th-cells and a candidate transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 in the same cells, because the -279 to -250 upstream region of HIV-1-LTR [repressor-activator target sequence (RATS)], that participates in HIV-...

INTRODUCTION Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after the induction of anaesthesia, are nearly always associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. To 'blunt' this pressor response, various methods have been tried, but very few studies have been done to assess the effects of fentanyl orI.V. clonidine on the haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The purpose of this st...

Study Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of preemptive use of intravenous acetaminophen, ketamine or their combination on intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements in patients undergoing elective open abdominal and urological surgeries under general anesthesia. Setting: Beni Suef University Hospital, Egypt. Patients and Interventions: 80 ASA I-II patients un...

UNLABELLED Triggers and regulatory pathways that effectively link human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early (MIE) latent-lytic switch activation with progeny production are incompletely understood. In the quiescently infected human NTera2 cell model of primitive neural stem cells, we found that costimulation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (V) and phorbol ester (P) synergistically a...

BACKGROUND Bioprocess development of recombinant proteins is time consuming and laborious as many factors influence the accumulation of the product in the soluble and active form. Currently, in most cases the developmental line is characterised by a screening stage which is performed under batch conditions followed by the development of the fed-batch process. Performing the screening already un...

The mevalonate pathway in human is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and other important biomolecules such as coenzyme Q (a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria), dolichols (important for N-linked glycosylation of proteins) and isoprenoids (important for the membrane association of small GTPases). This thesis concerns novel findings about the effect of statin on ...

BACKGROUND Anesthetic agents, especially volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide (N2O), are suspected to perturb cerebral homeostasis and vascular reactivity. The authors quantified the effects of sevoflurane and propofol as sole anesthetics and in combination with N2O on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2), and blood volume (rCBV) in the living human brain usi...

UNLABELLED Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory response characterized by release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Recent reports suggest that plasma IL-6 is increased after CPB. Previous studies evaluating the influence of duration of CPB and/or aortic cross-clamp time on the release of IL-6 are conflicting. Infusion of blood and blood produ...

Delivery of infants who are physiologically mature and capable of successful transition to the extrauterine environment is an important priority for obstetric practitioners. During the past 15 years in the United States the percentage of infants born before 40 weeks’ gestation has dramatically increased and the percentage of infants born after 40 weeks’ gestation has decreased. In this shift se...

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/pan According to Selye’s [1] classic work, the general adaptation syndrome in response to stress involves a complex neurohumoral regulation: the release of ACTH and corticosteroids combined with catecholamine discharges and other factors resulting in gastric ulcerations because of disequilibrium between aggressive and defensive (cytoprotective) mechanisms. O...