In the natural history of type 2 diabetes, pancreatic insulin secretion is progressively depleted and metabolic control worsens. Treatment of these patients usually starts with diet and exercise, with subsequent use of oral glucose-lowering drugs, finally ending with insulin therapy to achieve good metabolic control. When there is still endogenous insulin secretion, the combination of insulin a...

A methodology for solving unsteady premixed turbulent flame propagation problems in high Reynolds number (Re), high Damkohler number (Da) spatially evolving flows is developed. The method is based on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) with a subgrid combustion model based on the Linear-Eddy Model (Kerstein, 1991). An inter-LES cell burning mechanism has been added to the present formulation to account...

The nonlinear nonlocal Michelson-Sivashinsky equation for isolated crests of unstable flames is studied, using pole-decompositions as starting point. Polynomials encoding the numerically computed 2N flame-slope poles, and auxiliary ones, are found to closely follow a MeixnerPollaczek recurrence; accurate steady crest shapes ensue for N3. Squeezed crests ruled by a discretized Burgers equation ...

A situation in which a diffusion flame reaches an end at some position in a medium of non-premixed reactants is studied. The mixing of reactants that takes place ahead of the diffusion flame leads to the formation of a "triple-flame", a structure which consists of a fuel-rich premixed flame, a fuel-lean premixed flame. and a diffusion flame that starts where the two premixed flames meet. An imp...

This present work proposes a method to exactly evaluate the thermal process of Ammonium perchlorate/Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (AP/HTPB) propellant. The three-dimensional propellant pack is generated by Monte-Carlo obtain representative sandwich model on base dual-slicing technique. AP monopropellant flame height H1, primary diffusion H2 and final H3 are jointly determined temperature co...

The objective of this study is to investigate the combustion in a pilot-ignited supercharged dual-fuel engine, fueled with different types of gaseous fuels under various equivalence ratios. It is found that if certain operating conditions are maintained, conventional dual-fuel engine combustion mode can be transformed to the combustion mode with the two-stage heat release. This mode of combusti...

A new combustion model is developed and applied to simulate combustion in dual-fuel engines in which the premixed natural gas is ignited by the combustion flame initiated by a diesel spray. The model consists of a diesel auto-ignition model and a flame propagation model. A G-equation model previously developed to simulate SI engine combustion was incorporated with an auto-ignition model to simu...

There are various regimens available for prescribing insulin, which include but are not limited to basal bolus, split mixed, premix, and prandial therapy. Basal bolus, although termed ideal for people with type 1 diabetes, is often perceived as complex for management of T2DM. In order to provide primary care physicians with a simple algorithm for initiation and titration of insulin therapy, the...

Turbulence is a supermixer. Turbulent mixing has immense consequences for physical phenomena spanning astrophysical to atomistic scales under both high- and low-energy-density conditions. It influences thermonuclear fusion in inertial and magnetic confinement systems; governs dynamics of supernovae, accretion disks and explosions; dominates stellar convection, planetary interiors and mantle-lit...