This paper proposes two decision trees for determining the meanings of the prepositional uses of over by using the contextual information. It first examines the meanings of the prepositional uses of over and then aims at identifying the contexts for interpreting the meanings. Some contexts are complementary features, and that makes the decision trees simple. The trees have been tested on a corp...

This paper proposes two decision trees for determining the meanings of the prepositional uses of over by using the contextual information. It first examines the meanings of the prepositional uses of over and then aims at identifying the contexts for interpreting the meanings. Some contexts are complementary features, and that makes the decision trees simple. The trees have been tested on a corp...

conceptual metaphor is the most prominent achievements in cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. based on this theory, most of the parts of our vision system and mindset is naturally metaphorical, which structures our way of thinking and understanding. therefore, our understanding has strong relationship in all aspects, and since the ethical implications are naturally abstract, metaphor...

1.1 General introduction One of the most challenging areas for infants acquiring English as their native language are multi-word verbs: There many different kinds of such verbs – e.g., prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs, verb-adjective combinations, in Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, and Svartvik’s (1985) terminology – and they come with different kinds of semantics and sy...

This article describes the application of computational models of spatial prepositions to visually situated dialog systems. In these dialogs, spatial prepositions are important because people often use them to refer to entities in the visual context of a dialog. We first describe a generic architecture for a visually situated dialog system and highlight the interactions between the spatial cogn...

Finding the correct attachment site for prepositional phrases (PPs) is one of the hardest problems when parsing natural languages. An English sentence consisting of a subject, a verb, and a nominal object followed by a prepositional phrase is a priori ambiguous. The PP in sentence 1 is a noun attribute and needs to be attached to the noun, but the PP in 2 is an adverbial and thus part of the ve...

This paper presents a format for representing the l inguist ic form of utterances, cal led situation schemata, which is rooted in the situation semantics of Barwise and Perry. A treatment of locative prepositional phrases is given, thus illustrating the generat ion of the situation schemata and their interpretation in situation semantics. I n t r o d u c t i o n A natural language system aims t...

Collocational prepositional phrases like ten koste van (at the expense of), met het oog op (with an eye on), and onder het mom van (under the pretext of) are patterns of the form P-NP-P, which have a non-compositional semantics and which are syntactically rigid or idiosyncratic. We present a number of linguistic tests which set such items apart from regularly built prepositional phrases. To fin...

unlike the languages we know, some of the arabic sentences form without any verbs. arab grammarians call these sentences, which contain a subject and a predicate without any linking verbs, nominal sentences. examining theses sentences indicates that their predicate is composed of one of the following words or structures: 1. noun, 2. prepositional phrase, 3. an adverb of time or place, 4. a nomi...

the arabic grammarians call the “main preposition + genitive noun” and an “adverb” a “prepositional phrase”. for prepositional phrases to assimilate into the sentence structure and fulfill their roles, they should have a specific connection and link to another part of the sentence. this link is called “attachment” and that part is named “attached phrase”. consequently, a prepositional phrase ca...