purpose: to report a case of proteus syndrome with new ophthalmic findings not reported elsewhere. patient and findings: the patient is an 18-year-old girl with red lesions on hand and foot from birth and disproportionate growth of right upper and lower limbs from the first year of life. on examination, the patient has enlargement of the right upper and lower limb, macrodactyly, vascular malfor...

‎we describe a new type of presentation that‎, ‎when consistent‎, ‎describes a polycyclic group‎. ‎this presentation is obtained by‎ ‎refining a series of normal subgroups with‎ ‎abelian sections‎. ‎these presentations can be described effectively in‎ ‎computer-algebra-systems like {scshape gap} or ‎{scshape magma}‎. ‎we study these ‎presentations and‎, ‎in particular‎, ‎we obtain consistency c...

introduction: functional gastrointestinal disorders (fgid) are non-fatal, unknown etiology disorders with absence of a structural or biochemical explanation and accounting for up to 50% of gastroenterology referrals. infant regurgitation, rumination and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (...

the goals of post-transplant management are to manage and treat postoperative complications, and develop a balanced long-term immunotherapy regimen that minimizes infection and side effects but controls rejection. while modern immunosuppressant regimes have reduced rates of graft loss due to rejection, they impart major risks for infection, growth failure, metabolic complications, and malignanc...

introduction: vitamin deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common nutritional problems, at least in children under 5. these materials shortage, especially in the first two years of life, impair physical and brain growth, reduces the child's learning ability, reduces body resistance against infections, behavioral changes, apathy and finally social and economic adverse consequences woul...

introduction: hepatitis b is a disease caused by the hepatitis b virus (hbv), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. hbv can cause chronic infection, resulting in cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. persons with chronic infection a...

introduction: irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in children that may lead to anxiety, frequent physician visits and school absenteeism. the aim of this study is to reviewe effects of probiotic for irritable bowel syndrome.   materials and methods: this study review articles about probiotic for irritable bowel syndrome in pubmed and google scholar.   results: m...

introduction: constipation is one of the most common pediatric disorders.in many cases, there is no anatomic endocrineor metabolic cause in explanation of chronic constipation.more than 85% of them called functional or idiopathic.constipation is one of the serious disease in iranian traditional medicine. besides the problem it causes, chronic constipation can be the origin of many disease. that...

introduction: pain during colonoscopy, especially in children, including the challenges faced by the medical team. the aim of study was investigation the analgesic effect supermint oil (peppermint oil) on pain in children during colonoscopy. methods and materials: in this clinical trial study, 101 children (7-14 years old) candidate colonoscopy were randomly divided into two groups, respectivel...

introduction: neonatal jaundice is the most common cause of hospitalization.animal study demonstrated a decrease in serum bililrubin level after zinc treatment in hyperbilirubinemic rats. the objective of this study was the investigation of serum zinc level in the neonates with idiopatic .   materials and methods: a case-control study was undertaken on 263 neonates in a neonatal intensive care ...