The macroscopic behaviour of air and water in porous media is often approximated using Richards' equation for the fluid saturation and pressure. This equation is parametrized by the hydraulic conductivity and water release curve. In this paper, we use homogenization to derive a general model for saturation and pressure in porous media based on an underlying periodic porous structure. Under an a...

A model is presented to describe the cooling of the Earth in the Archaean. At the higher Archaean mantle temperatures pressure-release melting starts deeper and generates a thicker basaltic or komatiitic crust and depleted harzburgite layer compared with the present-day situation. Intrinsic compositional stability and lack of mechanical coherency renders the mechanism of plate tectonics ineffec...

Protein therapeutics are a rapidly growing drug class, with sales in 2004 in the area of $US 34 billion. They are presently administered primarily by injection, although there is increasing recognition that many proteins would benefit from long-term, localized delivery. Such delivery represents a significant challenge due principally to protein stability concerns. Polymeric delivery systems whi...

in this study, attempts were made to evaluate the effect of various acrylic acid based carbopols on the release profile of a beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug, propranolol hcl, from matrix-type tablets invitro. for this purpose, tablets containing 160 mg of propranolol hcl along with various amounts of carbopols 934 (c934), 971 (c971), 974 (c974) and pemulen (pem) were prepared using the wet gr...

Pancreatic secretion of enzymes and gallbladder contraction in response to intestinal stimulants are thought to be mediated through the vagus nerve and by means of release of cholecystokinin (CCK). The effect of truncal vagotomy on the release of CCK, pancreatic protein secretion, and gallbladder pressure (all stimulated by intraduodenal instillation of oleate) was studied in five dogs. Each do...

Increasing renal arterial pressure activates at least 3 antihypertensive mechanisms: reduced renin release, pressure natriuresis, and release of a putative renal medullary depressor hormone. To examine the role of renal medullary perfusion in these mechanisms, we tested the effects of the infusion of norepinephrine, either infusion into the renal medullary interstitium or intravenous infusion, ...

Mills, Paul J., Brian P. Kennedy, Jose S. Loredo, Joel E. Dimsdale, and Michael G. Ziegler. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and oxygen supplementation on norepinephrine kinetics and cardiovascular responses in obstructive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol 100: 343–348, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00494.2005.—Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by noradrenergic activ...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of ischaemic compression, trigger point pressure release and placebo ultrasound on pain, degree of cervical lateral flexion and pressure pain threshold of upper trapezius trigger points in subjects with non-specific neck pain. Design: Randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Anglo-European College of ...