In this paper, the removal of phenol by using aqueous solution in a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. The effect of feed pressure, feed concentration, feed flow rate and feed pH on phenol rejection was investigated. The results showed that feed pH is the most affective parameter on the phenol rejection. Rejection of phenol increased with increasing pH from 2 to 10 under th...

Seawater reverse osmosis desalination (SWRO) requires less energy compared with the distillation method and thus is an important technology except Middle Eastern countries whereenergy costs are higher. Recently, even Middle Eastern countries where the distillation method is still a major technology, have begun adopting the RO method in new desalinationplants in line with government ...

Albumin plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis within the body and depends on the cell membrane and the transport mechanism, including diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and active transport. The dissolved proteins, which are the only substances that do not penetrate the pores of the capillary membrane, are responsible for the osmotic pressure of the capillary membrane. Approximately 7...

This study describes the removal of chromium from wastewater using pressure-driven membrane separation processes. It describes the rejection of trivalent chromium using a commercial membrane for reverse osmosis typed RO98pHt (Alfa Laval, Sweden). Model solutions of chromium were used for performing of separation experiments. The effects of feed pH, chromium concentration and temperature were in...

Several technologies, including pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CapMix), are being developed to recover energy from salinity gradients. Here, we present a new approach to capture salinity gradient energy based on the expansion and contraction properties of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. These materials swell in fresh water and shrink in salt...

Low-grade heat from geothermal sources and industrial plants is a significant source of sustainable power that has great potential to be converted to electricity. The two main approaches that have been extensively investigated for converting low-grade heat to electrical energy, organic Rankine cycles and solid-state thermoelectrics, have not produced high power densities or been cost-effective ...

When hydrostatic pressure across epithelia fixed between a Ussing-type chamber was oscillated mechanically, the membrane potential was found to oscillate synchronously. When the transepithelial potential was oscillated artificially, the hydrostatic pressure difference also oscillated synchronously. Under such oscillating gradient conditions, concentration changes in the unstirred layer can be m...