Introduction: Orexin-containing neurons exist in the lateral hypothalamic region, sending their projections toward mesolimbic regions such as the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). Methods: In the current study, a Reinstatement model is used to examine the effects of intra-VTA administration of SB334867 as an Orexin-1 Receptor (OX1R) antagonist on drug priming- and Forced Swim Stress (FSS)-induced ...

Recent studies have introduced seed priming with H2O2 as an effective technique to alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. In the current study, accomplished at Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, seeds of medicinal plant Artemisia aucheri were primed with H2O2 (0, 10, 50, 90 and 140 µM) and grown under salt stress (0 and 150 mM NaCl) for one month. Results showed a decrease in H2O2 and m...

Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity; however, temperature fluctuations can cause detrimental effects on crop growth. This study aimed to assess the effect of seed priming Camelina sativa L. under heat stress. Experimental treatments were comprised of; including, no-priming, hydropriming (distilled water priming), osmopriming (thiourea applications at 500 ppm), ...

to investigate the effects of priming and foliar spray by 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) on some of marigold morphological, biological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted as factorial on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, shahid bahonar university of kerman in 2014. each of priming and foliar spray of ebr had ...

salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors limiting the plants' growth. seed priming is known as a method which improves the germination performance in seeds in stress conditions. the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hydropriming and halopriming on germination performance of secale montanum while growing under the nacl-salinity stress. hydropr...

Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that might be resulted in increased seed performance (germination and emergence), seedling growth and plant yield under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought stress. In order to evaluate the effect of growth hormones on morphology characteristics and essential oil of basil under drought stress condition, a experiment was cond...

An attenuated West Nile virus (WNV), a nonstructural (NS) 4B-P38G mutant, induced higher innate cytokine and T cell responses than the wild-type WNV in mice. Recently, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling was shown to be important for initial T cell priming and memory T cell development during WNV NS4B-P38G mutant infection. In this study, two flow cytometry-based methods - an in...

Visual search is thought to be guided by top-down templates that are held in visual working memory. Previous studies have shown that a search-guiding template can be rapidly and strongly implemented from a visual cue, whereas templates are less effective when based on categorical cues. Direct visual priming from cue to target may underlie this difference. In two experiments we first asked obser...