Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) market is under developing stage with a relatively low number of installations worldwide. However, integrating photovoltaic technology into buildings is straight forward as no additional space is required and building materials are simply replaced by PV modules. Although BIPV is considered a promising technology, especially where land for large-scale PV p...

abstract today, due to the rapid growth of population, development of the construction industry is a necessity. all around the world, new subjects such as sustainable development, environmental pollution, conservation of resources, and reduction of co2 emission have become the most important research topics among the scientific societies. in recent years, especially after 1997, new tools were i...

The primary goal of this thesis is to analyze current trends in the improvement of the performance and safety of glass during an earthquake. The four sections consist of an overview of glass as a building material, glass installation methods, rehabilitation methods for existing structures, and building code related issues. The thesis is based on an analysis of sources including books, journal a...

With the growth of the population worldwide and the increased demand on resources, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainability and awareness of green and responsible use of resources. In response to the need for a sustainable built environment, the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) has established the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, which i...

Ready-made building components and joining systems are generally unfit for existing building structures with irregular shapes. Therefore, unplanned and immediate manual work is dominantly practiced as measuring and manufacturing of the customized joining system is not supported. In this respect, by obtaining 3-D shapes of the existing building components and using them for the customization of ...

The M-tree is a dynamic data structure designed to index metric datasets. In this paper we introduce two dynamic techniques of building the M-tree. The first one incorporates a multi-way object insertion while the second one exploits the generalized slim-down algorithm. Usage of these techniques or even combination of them significantly increases the querying performance of the M-tree. We also ...