In some multiuser direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, the commonly used Gaussian approximation (GA) is inaccurate to describe the probability density function (PDF) of the global noise, which is the sum of the multiple-access interference (MAI) and channel noise. This inaccuracy causes the performance degradation of turbo codes as compared to decoders based on the t...

The 21-cm probability distribution function (PDF; i.e. distribution of pixel brightness temperatures) is expected to be highly non-Gaussian during reionization and to provide important information on the distribution of density and ionization. We measure the 21-cm PDF as a function of redshift in a large simulation of cosmic reionization and propose a simple empirical fit. Guided by the simulat...

We propose an analytical approach to evaluate the performance of space-diversity free-space optical (FSO) systems over correlated Gamma-Gamma (ΓΓ) fading channels. To do this, we firstly derive an infinite series representation for the moment generating function (MGF) of the sum of arbitrarily-correlated ΓΓ random variables (RVs). Then, a closed-form approximate expression for the probability d...

A new control algorithm has been developed for linear stochastic ARMAX systems subjected to arbitrary random inputs. The purpose is to make the shape of the output probability density function (PDF) to be as close as possible to a target PDF. A feedback control function is formulated to re-configure the open-loop linear system into a non-linear closed-loop system, where the vector of control pa...

Abstract — A blind criterion for adaptive equalization based on probability density function (pdf) estimation is proposed. The criterion measures the divergence of the pdf of an ideally equalized signal against the one from a parametric model resulting in a cost function that is a sort of entropy minimization of the equalizer output signal. It is also shown a link between the constant modulus (...

In this paper, we introduce probability density function of four variate Weibull distributions. A multivariate survival function of Weibull Distribution is used for four variables. From the survival function, the probability density function and cumulative probability function are derived. Ghrelin may affect reproductive function in animals and humans.In the application part the experimental co...

In this paper, a stochastic distribution control (SDC) algorithm is presented for nonlinear and non-Gaussian stochastic systems with constraints on control inputs. A generalized entropy optimization criterion is constructed based on the probability density function (PDF) of the tracking error. An optimal control law is then obtained using the penalty function method. Stability analysis for this...

To many, high-frequency (HF) radio communications is obsolete in this age of longdistance satellite communications and undersea optical fiber. Yet despite this, the HF band is used by defense agencies for backup communications and spectrum surveillance, and is monitored by spectrum management organizations to enforce licensing. Such activity usually requires systems capable of locating distant ...

Ocean wave propagation causes random change in an ocean surface slope and in turn affects the underwater bomb trajectory deviation r through a water column. This trajectory deviation is crucial for the clearance of obstacles such as sea mines or a maritime improvised explosive device in coastal oceans using bombs. A nonlinear six degrees of freedom (6DOF) model has been recently developed and v...

A local robustness approach for the selection of the architecture in multilayered feedforward artificial neural networks (MLFANN) is studied in terms of probability density function (PDF) in this work. The method is used in a non-linear autoregressive (NAR) model with innovative outliers. The procedure is proposed for the selection of the locally most robust (around a particular sample) MLFANN ...