A critical problem plaguing regulators in promoting pharmaceutical innovation is to design and select efficient incentive policies. In this study, we develop a stylized model comprising regulator two representative drug producers evaluate the effects of three policies: Innovation subsides, inclusion new drugs health insurance plan, combination above policies (also called hybrid polic...

This study aims to examine the competitiveness of tobacco cultivation in Sumenep Regency, impact government policies, and sensitivity changes input product prices industry. research utilized multistage random sampling as its technique, involving 40 farmers total sample. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method was used for data analysis hypothesis testing. Sensitivity performed quantify output c...

Qualifying types represent a new approach to modifying the behaviour of instances of other types in a general way, in the form of components which can be designed and implemented without a prior knowledge of the types to be modified or their implementations. This paper illustrates the idea by showing how they can be used to program various standard synchronisation problems, including mutual exc...

Industry cluster and supply chain are in focus of every countries which rely on knowledge-based economy. Both focus on improving the competitiveness of firm in the industry in the different aspect. This paper tries to illustrate how the industry cluster can increase the supply chain performance. Then, the proposed methodology concentrates on the collaboration and knowledge exchange in supply ch...

Nowadays, policy narratives as a communication strategy are frequently used by governments to persuade target populations and obtain support. However, few studies have empirically examined whether through what mechanisms can enhance support intention. To fill this gap, study uses the case of energy conservation conduct survey experiment among 300 industrial enterprises in Liaoning, China. The f...

It is the Policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. No person shall be denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opportunity. It is the Policy of C...

1 Introduction As mobile devices become increasingly popular, the problem of secure mobile application development gains importance. Mobile devices contain personal information, which users wish to protect. They also provide access to costly functionality, such as GSM services and GPRS connections. It is necessary to provide controlled access to the sensitive resources through fine-grained, at ...

A classic problem in economics is the impact of taxation on market outcomes. Taxes drive a wedge between producer and consumer prices, thereby distorting prices and quantities in a market. In the archetypal case, attention focuses on one homogeneous good. However, in many oligopolistic industries, tax policy may asymmetrically impact goods which are imperfectly substitutable. In such a situatio...

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy tool that holds producers financially responsible for the post-use collection, recycling and disposal of their products. EPR implementations are typically collective a large collection and recycling network (CRN) handles multiple producers’ products in order to benefit from scale and scope economies. The total cost is then allocated to producer...