original article background and objectives: one type of electromagnetic fields, based on frequency range, is extremely low frequency (elf) fields. there are lots of reports about measuring elf- magnetic field (mf) in substations, power plants, cities, near high voltage power lines and etc. this study aimed to compare the difference between measurement of three-axis and single-axis probe mf mete...

It is easy to see how these functions work in unison with each other. For example, attackers often use email to send malicious URLs to users. These may be spotted by email protection functions within a unified threat management system or Internet security appliance. However, if they slip through, they will be caught by the web filtering mechanism, making it doubly hard for attackers to compromi...

The turn-on mechanism of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) device is essentially a current triggering event. While a current is applied to the base or substrate of the SCR device, it can be quickly triggered into its latching state. In this paper, a novel design concept to turn on the SCR device by applying the substrate-triggered technique is first proposed for effective on-chip electrostat...

Abstract—In this paper, we proposed a novel SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) based ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection device for I/O and power clamp. The proposed device has a higher holding voltage characteristic than conventional SCR. These characteristics enable to have latch-up immunity under normal operating conditions as well as superior full chip ESD protection. The proposed devi...