The development of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) aims to promote environmental management. However, technological advances, organizational and regulatory frameworks available do not seem sufficient for the realization of such an objective. For many authors, the real contribution of SDIs depends on the answers they provide to their users. This paper presents an original methodological appr...

The growing computing demand from industry and academia has lead to excessive power consumption which not only impacting long term sustainability of Grids like infrastructures in terms of energy cost but also from environmental perspective. The problem can be addressed by replacing with more energy efficient infrastructures, but the process of switching to new infrastructure is not only costly ...

We identify four roles that social networking plays in the 'attribution problem', which obscures whether or not cyber-attacks were state-sponsored. First, social networks motivate individuals to participate in Distributed Denial of Service attacks by providing malware and identifying potential targets. Second, attackers use an individual's social network to focus attacks, through spear phishing...

Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm in which “Everything is as a Service”, including the provision of virtualized computing infrastructures (known as Infrastructure-as-a-Service modality) hosted on the physical infrastructure, owned by an infrastructure provider. The goal of this infrastructure provider is to maximize its profit by minimizing the amount of violations of Quality-of...

Nowadays, research in various disciplines is enhanced via computational methods, cutting-edge technologies and diverse resources including computational infrastructures and instruments. Such infrastructures are often complex and researchers need means to conduct their research in an efficient way without getting distracted with information technology nuances. Science gateways address such deman...

MapReduce is a programming model for parallel data processing widely used in Cloud computing environments. Current MapReduce implementations are based on centralized master-slave architectures that do not cope well with dynamic Cloud infrastructures, like a Cloud of clouds, in which nodes may join and leave the network at high rates. We have designed an adaptive MapReduce framework, called P2P-...

Our current societies are fully dependent on large complex critical infrastructures (LCCIs). These LCCIs are large scale distributed systems that are highly interdependent, both physically and in their greater reliance on the information infrastructure, which logically introduce vulnerabilities. Failures, accidents, physical or cyber attacks can provoke major damages which can proliferate by ca...

Limited water resources with uneven distribution in addition to the growing demands are the main challenges of the water governance in Iran. The Government has planned several water resources development project and due to their complex technical, socio-economical, and environmental outcomes, comprehensive evaluation is needed. To select more adaptive and accountable projects, suitable group de...

There is today an increasing interest in environmental monitoring for a variety of specific applications, with great impact especially on natural resource management and preservation, economy, and people's life and health. Typical uses encompass, for example, Earth observation, meteorology, natural resource monitoring, agricultural and forest monitoring, pollution control, natural disaster obse...

This document specifies IPv4 compatibility mechanisms that can be implemented by IPv6 hosts and routers. These mechanisms include providing complete implementations of both versions of the Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6), and tunneling IPv6 packets over IPv4 routing infrastructures. They are designed to allow IPv6 nodes to maintain complete compatibility with IPv4, which should greatly simpli...