Recall that a commutative ring R is said to be a pseudo-valuation ring if every prime ideal of R is strongly prime. We define a completely pseudovaluation ring. Let R be a ring (not necessarily commutative). We say that R is a completely pseudo-valuation ring if every prime ideal of R is completely prime. With this we prove that if R is a commutative Noetherian ring, which is also an algebra ov...

The comprehensive generalization of summation-by-parts of Del Rey Fernández et al. (J. Comput. Phys., 266, 2014) is extended to approximations of second derivatives with variable coefficients. This enables the construction of second-derivative operators with one or more of the following characteristics: i) non-repeating interior stencil, ii) nonuniform nodal distributions, and iii) exclusion of...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of (∈,∈∨ q)-fuzzy (implicative, MV and G-) filters of pseudo-BL algebras and to investigate some of their related properties. Some characterization theorems of these generalized fuzzy (implicative) filters are derived. The relationship among these generalized fuzzy filters of pseudo-BL algebras is considered. It is proved that an (∈,∈∨ q)fuzzy fi...

The present study investigates the force transfer mechanisms for open hoop fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) strips attached at reinforced concrete (R/C) beams with or without anchorage. These open hoop FRP strips are utilized in R/C beams that are in need of shear capacity upgrade. This type of retrofitting is necessary for R/C structures designed with less stringent seismic loading conditions th...

and Implications A small demonstration sow herd has been housed during breeding and gestation in a deep-bedded hoop structure. Conception rates, number of pigs born alive, and birth weights were excellent. These results indicate that hoops provide a realistic alternative for housing gestating sows. A discussion of the decision considerations related to animal environment, sow behavior, bedding ...

In this paper, we extend the notions of states and measures presented in [12] to the case of pseudo-BCK algebras and study similar properties. We prove that, under some conditions, the notion of a state in the sense of [12] coincides with the Bosbach state, and we extend to the case of pseudo-BCK algebras some results proved by J. Kühr only for pseudo-BCK semilattices. We characterize extremal ...

Some unexpected properties of the cubic algebra generated by the covariant derivatives of a generic Yang-Mills connection over the (s+ 1)-dimensional pseudo euclidean space are pointed out. This algebra is Gorenstein and Koszul of global dimension 3 but except for s = 1 (i.e. in the 2-dimensional case) where it is the universal enveloping algebra of the Heisenberg Lie algebra and is a cubic Art...

A distributed Brillouin fiber sensor has been employed to detect localized pipe-wall buckling in an energy pipe by measuring the longitudinal and hoop strain distributions along the outer surface of the pipe for the first time. The locations of the localized pipe-wall buckling are found and distinguished using their corresponding strain-load data. The formation of the buckling process for the c...

The evergreen problem of a bead on a rotating hoop shows a multitude of bifurcations when the bead moves with friction. This motion is studied for different values of the damping coefficient and rotational speeds of the hoop. Phase portraits and trajectories corresponding to all different modes of motion of the bead are presented. They illustrate the rich dynamics associated with this simple sy...