To compare refractive changes following 23-gauge (G) vitrectomy with or without gas tamponade in pseudophakic eyes. This retrospective study included patients neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy, who underwent 23 G pars plana (PPV) between February 2015 and March 2019. Indications for surgery included; rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Group 1 epiretinal membrane vitr...

purpose: to determine the indications for penetrating keratoplasty (pk) in iran over an 11-year period. methods: all eye bank records of patients who underwent pk from 1994 to 2004 at ophthalmologic centers throughout iran were reviewed. results: during this 11-year period, a total of 19,668 cases were operated. the most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty was keratoconus (34.5%), fo...

Introduction Amblyopia is the leading cause of reduced vision in children following cataract surgery. It may develop as a consequence of visual deprivation, anisometropia, or strabismus. Methods: Animal studies as well as clinical series were reviewed focusing on the pathophysiology and treatment of aphakic and pseudophakic amblyopia. Results: Excellent visual outcomes have been reported in chi...

BACKGROUND Corneal stromal pseudohypopyon is a rare entity. CASE A 65-year-old female developed a suture abscess in her pseudophakic right eye, three years after conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Pusfrom the suture abscess tracked down the corneal stromal layers and formed a pus level leading to the appearance of a corneal in...

Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a primary cause of reduced vision after cataract surgery even after uneventful surgery. The incidence of clinical CMO following modern cataract surgery is 1.0–2.0 % but the high number of surgeries performed worldwide makes this entity an important problem. Pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and intra-operative complications increase the risk of developing ...

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common complication following cataract surgery. Acute PCME may resolve spontaneously, but some patients will develop chronic macular edema that affects vision and is difficult to treat. This disease was described more than 50 years ago, and there are multiple options for clinical management. We discuss mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and adverse eff...