PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated dose and describe the toxicities of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA, ALRT1057) administered p.o. tid in pediatric patients with refractory cancer and to study the pharmacokinetics of 9cRA and determine whether systemic drug exposure changes with chronic dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children with refractory cancer (stratified by age, < or =12 and >12 years)...

A 31-year-old female with a history of pseudotumor cerebri presented with headache and abdominal discomfort after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The VP shunt was placed after prior failure and revision of a lumbar peritoneal shunt. Computed tomography demonstrated shunt migration into the subcutaneous tissue. Laparoscopy was used to reposition the VP shunt, directing the shunt ...

Primary chronic headaches of long duration include chronic migraine, chronic tension-type headache, new daily persistent headache, and hemicrania continua. This article reviews the utility of neuroimaging and other testing for diagnosis of these headaches. The presentation and diagnosis of the many secondary headaches that can mimic primary headache types are also discussed, including arteriove...

of APLS are cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, seizures, chorea, migraine, pseudotumor cerebri, visual disturbances and dementia. Cutaneous features include livedo reticularis, ulcers, infarcts and superficial thrombophlebitis. These patients may develop renal arterial or venous thrombosis, acute or chronic renal failure, hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia.[15-17] Catastroph...

Headache is a frequent symptom in sickle cell disease (SCD) that usually is attributable to anemia or cerebrovascular disease. We report 3 pediatric patients with SCD (1 patient with SCD-SC and 2 patients with SCD-SS) who presented with headache and were diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri (PC). All 3 patients had elevated opening pressures during a lumbar puncture with normal cerebrospinal flui...

Considering how uncommon the condition is (3.3 cases per 100 000 women aged 15 to 44 years) the CEU has received a surprising number of enquiries about contraceptive options for women with a diagnosis of idiopathic benign interacranial hypertension.

Purpose of review Radiologic imaging is indispensible for the diagnosis and management of many neuroophthalmologic conditions. Advances in the radioimaging of neuro-ophthalmolgic disorders may evolve from the clinical or the radiological side, meaning there is a constant stream of new information for the clinician. Recent findings Functional MRI, diffusion tensor MRI, magnetization transfer ima...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is an unexplained increase in intracranial pressure associated with permanent severe visual loss in 25% of cases and debilitating headaches. The condition is often associated with obesity. The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial, a large, randomized, collaborative clinical trial, evaluated the efficacy of ...

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by serosal, synovial, or cutaneous inflammation. The central nervous system (CNS) is rarely involved in FMF. The CNS involvement includes demyelinating lesions, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, pseudotumor cerebri, optic neuritis, and cerebral vasculitis. Here, we present a 20-year-old ma...