Passiflora incarnata L. commonly known as passion flower belongs to Passifloraceae family and is one of the most popular and widely used medicinal plants in traditional medicine. The plant has a long history of application in herbal medicine as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic. Extracts prepared from P. incarnata have been reported for their diverse ranges of pharmacological actions includin...

BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent and clinically relevant phenomenon in adolescence. Within Europe, Germany has one of the highest prevalence rates in youth with lifetime prevalence ranging between 25 and 35%. However, treatment guidelines for NSSI are not yet available. METHODS Consensus based clinical guidelines were created by a working group consisting of members of ...

Imidazolidine derivatives, or hydantoins, are synthetic compounds with different therapeutic applications. Many imidazolidine derivatives have psychopharmacological properties, such as phenytoin, famous for its anticonvulsant efficacy, but also effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The hydantoin, 3-phenyl-5-(4-ethylphenyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (IM-3), synthesized from the amino aci...

Fumaria indica is a medicinal plant of the fumitory family wildly growing throughout India. Classical texts of Ayurveda, i.e. the oldest traditionally known health care and medical system originating in Indian subcontinent, mentions diverse medicinal uses of the plant. During more recent decades broad spectrums of therapeutically interesting pharmacological properties of its extracts and second...

Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a syndrome characterized by prolonged or reoccurring perceptual symptoms, reminiscent of acute hallucinogen effects. HPPD was associated with a broader range of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)-like substances, cannabis, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, mescaline, and psychostimulants. The recent emergence of novel psychoact...

pharmaceutical use are due to the relative power of the multinationals or to more fundamental "cultural differences" in attitudes to health and healing. Readers are led to believe that western society is destined for a dismal future of market-dominated culture. Healy offers no alternatives for charting a better course: his suggestions for reform would be welcome. The creation ofpsychopharmacolo...

Accumulating evidence suggests that empathy for pain recruits similar neural processes as the first-hand experience of pain. The pain-related P2, an event-related potential component, has been suggested as a reliable indicator of neural processes associated with first-hand pain. Recent evidence indicates that placebo analgesia modulates this component for both first-hand pain and empathy for pa...

The study examines the relationship between frequency and duration of restraints in psychogeriatric inpatients with their respective diagnosis, medication, reason for restraints, and age as a socio-demographic variable. Entered in the analysis were data from 590 inpatients from a total of 29 institutions within the Federal Republic of Germany psychogeriatric facilities; this was 24.7% of all ps...