Franklin must be especially thanked for his extensive and helpful comments. A presentation of some of this material at the Harvard University Program in Ethics and Health also resulted in many useful comments, in particular from Dan Brock and Nir Eyal.

the open access (oa) to scholarly articles published in journals, magazines and other literature sources is extremely useful to pharmacy students, teachers, research scholars, scientists and pharmacists to update their knowledge with recent changes in their fields of specialization. open access (oa) to scholarly articles is provided either directly from journal homepages by the publishers or fr...

DEFINITION Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is a many-to-many communication model that directs the flow of messages from senders to receivers based on receivers’ data interests. In this model, publishers (i.e., senders) generate messages without knowing their receivers; subscribers (who are potential receivers) express their data interests, and are subsequently notified of the messages from a variet...