The aberrant production of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases as diverse as cancer and arthritis. Sustained NO production via the inducible enzyme, nitric-oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), requires extracellular arginine uptake. Three closely related cationic amino acid transporter genes (Cat1-3) encode the transporters that mediate most arginine uptake in mammalian cells. Bec...

Graph rewriting has numerous applications, such as software engineering and biology techniques. This technique is theoretically based on pushouts and pullbacks, which are involved with given categories. This paper deals with the definition of pushout and pullback, and their properties.

Converse Lyapunov theorems are presented for nonautonomous systems modelled as skew product flows. These characterize various types of stability of invariant sets and pullback, forward and uniform attractors in such nonautonomous systems. MSC subject classification: 37B25, 37B55, 93D30

Maize aminopeptidase is coded by four genes. Amp1 and Amp2 have been localized to chromosome 1. A three-point cross shows the gene order to be Amp2-15%-Amp1-33%-Adh2 (alcohol dehydrogenase). Amp3 and Amp4 assort independently of each other and of chromosome 1 aminopeptidases. Another linkage relationship among the maize genes Amy2 (amylase), Cat1 (catalase), and Amp3 exists, but the chromosome ...

Calcium absorption in intestine and kidney involves transport through the apical membrane, cytoplasm, and basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. Apical membrane calcium influx channels have recently been described in rabbit (epithelial calcium channel, ECaC) and rat (calcium transport protein, CaT1). We amplified from human duodenum a 446-base partial cDNA probe (ECAC2) having a predicte...

The XC cell line undergoes extensive syncytium formation after infection with ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) and is frequently used to titrate these viruses. This cell line is unique in its response to the ecotropic MLV envelope protein (Env) in that it undergoes syncytium formation with cells expressing Env protein containing R peptide (R(+) Env), which is known to suppress the fusog...

The parental cell line (P) of Caco-2 cells and two clones, BBe and TC7, were studied at 11 days postconfluence to test the facilitated diffusion model of vitamin D-mediated intestinal calcium absorption (CaTx). Nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR) and calbindin D(9k) (CaBP) were measured by Western blot; 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase (CYP24), CaBP, plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA), and C...

Principal comodule algebras can be thought of as objects representing principal bundles in non-commutative geometry. A crucial component of a principal comodule algebra is a strong connection map. For some applications it suffices to prove that such a map exists, but for others, such as computing the associated bundle projectors or Chern–Galois characters, an explicit formula for a strong conne...

The relation between the complexity of a time-switched dynamics and the complexity of its control sequence depends critically on the concept of a non-autonomous pullback attractor. For instance, the switched dynamics associated with scalar dissipative affine maps has a pullback attractor consisting of singleton component sets. This entails that the complexity of the control sequence and switche...

This paper studies an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with delays in two-dimensional bounded domains. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Then we establish the existence of pullback attractors {AC H (t)}t∈R (has L-regularity), {AC W (t)}t∈R (has H-regularity), and {AE2 H (t)}t∈R (has L-regularity), {A E2 W (t)}t∈R (has H-regularity) corresponding to two different proces...