Introduction Shunt-induced hypoxemia is considered the primary pathophysiological abnormality and main diagnostic criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, increases in dead-space ventilation (VD/VT) can also contribute to gas exchange alterations in ARDS. Systemic microcirculatory alterations described during inflammatory conditions are characterized by perfusion heterog...

We have studied prospectively the effect of 10 cm H2O of PEEP on the incidence of venous air embolism and on the cardiovascular response to change from the supine to the seated position in a large neurosurgical population. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either PEEP (10 cm H2O, n = 45) or conventional (control, n = 44) ventilation. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were measu...

Over the past 50 years, a variety of techniques have been developed that have in common the insufflation of gas into the central airway to facilitate carbon dioxide (CO2) clearance. These include continuous insufflation of oxygen, transtracheal jet ventilation, high frequency jet ventilation, transtracheal oxygen administration, intratracheal pulmonary ventilation, and tracheal gas insufflation...

Vimláti, L. 2012. Benefits of Spontaneous Breathing: Compared with Mechanical Ventilation. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 824. 47 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8498-9. When spontaneous breathing (SB) is allowed during mechanical ventilation (MV), atelectatic lung areas are recruited and oxygenation improves th...

Optimizing bag ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or ventilation of an unprotected airway1 is mandatory to minimize the risk of pulmonary complications and the occurrence of gastric inflation due to excessive airway pressure.2 Numerous studies have underlined the difficulty of providing safe and effective bag ventilation in these situations, and new devices have been marketed to h...

Efficiency of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure has been shown in many published studies. In this review article, we introduced new modalities of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), clinical settings in which NIV can be used and a practical summary of the latest official guidelines published by the European Respiratory Clinical Practice. Clinical tri...

We report a rare case with multiple intra-arterial pulmonary hydatid cysts revealing dramatically large ventilation-perfusion mismatch defects on lung scintigraphy. The causes of ventilation-perfusion mismatches are also reviewed.

hypoxia is a major concern for human health. multiple new techniques were proposed for tissue oxygenation in different variety of patients.  clark jr. et al. presenting their article titled “fluorovent: a new perfluorocarbon for liquid ventilation”, at a symposium in neonatology, in 1995, described the scientific importance for perfluorocarbons which would be ideally suited for use in liquid ve...