Rates of protein evolution are thought to be influenced by features of protein-protein interaction (PPI). However, the most important features of interaction for determining the evolutionary rate are poorly understood. Here, we consider four categories for PPIs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Properties we consider are the extent to which proteins interact with proteins of the same function or dif...

BACKGROUND Five proton pump inhibitors are now available for use in North America. Claims of differences in the clinical efficacy of different strengths and/or agents have been made. AIM To identify any consistent evidence of differences in outcomes between agents or doses within this class of drugs. METHODS A search of the medical literature was performed in two electronic databases, and r...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes may lead to varied enzyme activity and inter-individual variability in drug efficacy and/or toxicity. Since CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 genes code for enzymes involved in metabolizing wide variety of drugs including proton pump inhibitors, we sought to identify polymorphisms in these genes in order to study their impact...

Background: Five proton pump inhibitors are now available for use in North America. Claims of differences in the clinical efficacy of different strengths and/or agents have been made. Aim: To identify any consistent evidence of differences in outcomes between agents or doses within this class of drugs. Methods: A search of the medical literature was performed in two electronic databases, and ra...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE evidence suggests that some proton pump inhibitors can attenuate the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The significance of this potential drug interaction in patients with cerebrovascular disease is unknown. METHODS we conducted a nested case-control study of all Ontario residents aged ≥ 66 years newly treated with clopidogrel after a stroke between April 1, 2002, and...

INTRODUCTION Proton pump inhibitors, which are widely used as acid-inhibitory agents for the treatment of peptic ulcers, are mainly metabolized by 2C19 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450 (CYP2C19). CYP2C19 has genetic polymorphisms, associated with extensive, poor, intermediate or ultra-rapid metabolism of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 could be of clinical concern in the tr...

BACKGROUND Most proton pump inhibitors inhibit the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. The clinical significance of this drug interaction is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based nested case-control study among patients aged 66 years or older who commenced clopidogrel between Apr. 1, 2002, and Dec. 31, 2007, following hospital discharge after treatment of acute m...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of proton pump inhibitors on adverse cardiovascular events in aspirin treated patients with first time myocardial infarction. DESIGN Retrospective nationwide propensity score matched study based on administrative data. Setting All hospitals in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS All aspirin treated patients surviving 30 days after a first myocardial infarction from 1997 to...

OBJECTIVES To establish the relation between new prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors and recorded upper gastrointestinal morbidity within a large computerised general practitioner database. DESIGN Retrospective survey of morbidity and prescribing data linked to new prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors and comparison with licensed indications between 1991 and 1995. SETTING General P...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between the type of stress ulcer prophylaxis administered and the risk of postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Premier Research Database. PARTICIPANTS 21,214 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 2004 and 2010; 9830 (46.3%) started proton pump ...