A review of the literature indicates that numerous microorganisms can reduce ferric iron during the metabolism of organic matter. In most cases, the reduction of ferric iron appears to be enzymatically catalyzed and, in some instances. may be coupled to an electron transport chain that could generate A TP. However, the-physiology and biochem" istry of ferric irQn reduction are POQrly understood...

Iron-reducing bacteria can transfer electrons to ferric iron oxides which are barely soluble at neutral pH, and electron-shuttling compounds or chelators are discussed to be involved in this process. Experiments using semipermeable membranes for separation of ferric iron-reducing bacteria from ferric iron oxides do not provide conclusive results in this respect. Here, we used ferrihydrite embed...

The abundant forms in which the major elements in the universe exist have been determined from numerous astronomical observations and meteoritic analyses. Iron (Fe) is an exception, in that only depletion of gaseous Fe has been detected in the interstellar medium, suggesting that Fe is condensed into a solid, possibly the astronomically invisible metal. To determine the primary form of Fe, we r...

In the present work it has been shown that FEA software like ANSYS may play an important role in predicting cast defect before the actual casting. Transient thermal analysis and Couple-Field analysis in ANSYS can predict temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution in the casting after solidification very accurately. This fact has been proved by validating a transient thermal analys...

from that among normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis. Immobility per se does not seem to be a primary factor as the patients with osteoarthritis did not show an increased prevalence compared with the control group. Certain medical conditions, including pure iron deficiency, uraemia, pregnancy, gastrectomy, and carcinoma, are associated with the syndrome, providing potential clues ab...

Induction heating has been employed to rapidly raise the temperature of ferrous specimens prior to testing at strain-rates > 10 s". The results show a general tendency for the ductility of a specially-processed pure iron to decrease with temperature over the range tested (20400 C). Based on the experimental data and the results of numerical simulations of the experiment, an empirical fracture m...

The mechanical behavior and microstructure of pure iron subjected to dominant shear loading has been characterized over a wide range of train rates. Pure iron is found to be highly strain-rate sensitive. Iron exhibits marked strain softening at ε̇ ≈ 8000 s−1 − σ ≈ 850 MPa that is nexpected for the annealed material, as characterized by TEM, but is identical to that of iron preshocked at 40 GPa [...