the Brain Stem Copper deficiency is rare but can result from gastrointestinal surgery, excess zinc in the diet, parenteral nutrition, and malabsorption syndromes. Copper deficiency gives rise to a sensory ataxic myelopathy, symmetrically involving the pyramidal tracts and dorsal columns in the spinal cord, producing a clinical picture indistinguishable from subacute combined degeneration (SCD) ...

colchicine, a potent neurotoxin derived from plants, has been recently introduced as a degenerative toxin of small pyramidal cells in the cortical area 1 of the hippocampus (ca1). in this study, the effect of the alkaloid in ca1 on the behaviors in the conditioning task was measured. injections of colchicine (1,5 μg/rat, intra-ca1) was performed in the male wistar rats, while the animals were s...

Abstract Background Hemispherectomy is an effective treatment option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy caused by hemispheric lesions. However, often have deterioration of their motor functions postoperatively. Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) was reliable in presenting the natural shape white matter fibers. At same time, sprawl pyramid tract (PT) might be more intuitive predicting posto...

Spinal tracts can be stimulated noninvasively in human subjects by passing a high-voltage stimulus between the mastoids or by magnetic stimulation over the back of the head. The stimulus probably activates the corticospinal tract at the cervicomedullary junction (pyramidal decussation) and evokes large, short-latency motor responses in the arm muscles. These responses have a large monosynaptic ...

FRIEDREICH 'S ATAXIA is one of the rare heritable spinocerebellar degenerations. The spinocerebellar tracts, dorsal columns, pyramidal tracts, and, to a lesser extent, the cerebellum and medulla are involved. The disorder is usually manifest before adolescence and is generally characterized by incoordination of limb movements, dysarthria, nystagmus, diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes, Ba...

Taylor, J. L., and S. C. Gandevia. Noninvasive stimulation of the human corticospinal tract. J Appl Physiol 96: 1496–1503, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol. 01116.2003.—Spinal tracts can be stimulated noninvasively in human subjects by passing a high-voltage stimulus between the mastoids or by magnetic stimulation over the back of the head. The stimulus probably activates the corticospinal tract at t...

In Vivo Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI) can now be used to elucidate and investigate major nerve pathways in the brain. Nerve pathways are constructed by a) calculating a continuous diffusion tensor field from the discrete, noisy, measured DT-MRI data and then b) solving an equation describing the evolution of a fiber tract, in which the local direction vector of the trajec...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR diffusion tensor imaging permits detailed visualization of white matter fiber tracts. This technique, unlike T2−weighted imaging, also provides information about fiber direction. We present normal white matter fiber tract anatomy at high−resolution using line scan diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Diffusion tensor images in axial, coronal and sagittal sections coveri...

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a cytosolic protein with microtubule stabilization and calcium-binding activities. TCTP is expressed in most organs including the nervous system. However, detailed distribution and functional significance of TCTP in the brain remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the global and subcellular distributions of TCTP in the mouse brain. I...