A new model of relations emerged in schools after the establishment educational centers Iran mid-Qajar era. The cultural authorities time were particularly interested school health, which was adopted as a principle from European, French, systems. During period 1925 to 1941, with special attention Western models education, health changed more and more. This study provides descriptive-analytical ...

Royal Portraiture is one of the last Iranian miniature styles which more or less can be considered a Synthesis Style and European elements. This style was inspired by Westernization, but underwent important changes during Qajar era. In this research, tries to analyze interpret its ruptures that occurred in era Mohammad Shah. The main issue present project study ways rupture consequences were vi...

Stored in the Hermitage collection are two Qajar Iran photo albums, datable to 1890s. One of them, recently acquired for Oriental Department, includes works created studio Antoin Sevruguin (1851–1933), one most famous artists and court photographer Nasir al-Din Shah. The first owner prints, who remained unknown, made this commission not earlier than May 1896. second album is stored Library Depa...

Abstract Purpose Motifs are influenced beliefs and how individuals interact with architectural features. Additionally, decorations have been emphasized as a critical component of traditional architecture. The studying architecture in Dezful, which incorporates Xowun its historical context, motivates this study. motifs by ideas derived from Dezful's society's worldview. Therefore, addition to do...

the city of tabriz was one of the most important and historical cities of iran which had a pre-islamic background. this city was one of the main center of azarbayjan in the most historical era and it had been capital in some era like ilkhanian, gharaghoyonlu, agh ghoyonlu and even early of safavi era. historical background and continuous efforts residents of tabriz cause to infrastructure some ...

public bathes have much importance in islamic cities, after the most significant structures like mosques and schools. there are a number of factors affecting the construction of bathes among which temperature regulation, humidity, access path, location in the urban texture, watercourses, and construction of exit paths are the most important. this study tries to make a comparative analysis of t...

the how and why of tehran development and construction of its citadel has always been of interest to researchers. at the same time, issues such as its time of obtaining importance and prosperity on the one hand, and establishing and appellation of its citadel as the most important official complex of the qajar period on the other, are among the concerns mostly ignored by the scholars. addressin...

persian manuscripts were produced during the second century until the forth one in iran. iranians had experiences about painting in pre-islamic era, so they played an important role in creating art works such as miniature, illuminated pages in islamic civilization after the emergence of islam. in the first centuries of emerging islam, beautiful transcription, ornamentation of quran were honors ...