Parcel delivery service by collect-on-delivery (COD, a.k.a. cash-on-delivery) companies is a new distribution mode in China. The design of the distribution network of a COD company in urban areas is of great importance and a relatively new research direction. In this paper, we aim to model this distribution network as a two-echelon location routing problem (2E-LRP) and propose a novel efficient...

We analyze the crossover from an hc /e periodicity of the persistent current in flux-threaded clean metallic rings toward an hc /2e-flux periodicity of the supercurrent upon entering the superconducting state. On the basis of a model calculation for a one-dimensional ring we identify the underlying mechanism, which balances the hc /e versus the hc /2e periodic components of the current density....

Understanding trends in selectivity is of paramount importance for multi-electron electrochemical reactions. The goal of this work is to address the issue of 2e(-) versus 4e(-) reduction of oxygen on metal surfaces. Using a detailed thermodynamic analysis based on density functional theory calculations, we show that to a first approximation an activity descriptor, ΔGOH*, the free energy of adso...

MOTIVATION The biological pathway exchange language (BioPAX) and the systems biology markup language (SBML) belong to the most popular modeling and data exchange languages in systems biology. The focus of SBML is quantitative modeling and dynamic simulation of models, whereas the BioPAX specification concentrates mainly on visualization and qualitative analysis of pathway maps. BioPAX describes...

It has been pointed out to us that the control 0 min time point bands in Figure 2E were duplicated. The control lanes were purposefully placed as duplicates for illustrative purposes, and the Figure Legend inadvertently neglected to mention this. To remedy this issue, these and related experiments corresponding to Figure 2D(i) and Figure 2E of the original manuscript were repeated and the new d...

In the paper [Exact wirelength of hypercube on a grid, Discrete Applied Mathematics, 157 (2009), no. 7, 1486 1495], the minimum wirelength of an -dimensional hypercube into a 2b2c £ 2d2e grid has been obtained. In this paper, we obtain the same when the 2b2c £ 2d2e rectangular grid is replaced by a generalized grid of size 21 £ 22 £ ¢ ¢ ¢ £ 2 where 1 + 2 + +  = , 1 · 2 · ¢ ¢...

We prove the first communication complexity lower bound for constant-factor approximation of the submodular welfare problem. More precisely, we show that a (1− 1 2e+ )-approximation (' 0.816) for welfare maximization in combinatorial auctions with submodular valuations would require exponential communication. We also show NP-hardness of (1− 1 2e+ )approximation in a computational model where ea...

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a neutrophil enzyme that employs hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyze the oxidation of chloride (Cl) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Accepted mechanism is based on rapid reaction of native MPO with H2O2 to produce Compound I (MPO-I) which oxidizes Cl through a 2e transition generating MPO and HOCl. MPO-I also reacts with H2O2 to generate Compound II (MPO-II) which is inact...