This study reports the results of the first investigation on the use of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) in dairy goats, using a fixed-list of descriptors specifically developed for this species. It aimed to verify whether QBA can be reliably used by observers with different backgrounds to differentiate between the emotional states of goats kept under different environmental conditions. T...

Commentary on`Observer theory, Bayes theory, and psychophysics,' by B. Bennett, et al. 1 Observers and Theorists The target chapter 1 introduces the notion of an observer as an entity which applies a given Bayesian theory to the task of inferring world properties from sense data. In fact, most of this volume is concerned with observers in one form or another. The basic idea is that the perceptu...

The target chapter introduces the notion of an observer as an entity which applies a given Bayesian theory to the task of inferring world properties from sense data In fact most of this volume is concerned with observers in one form or another The basic idea is that the perceptual system uses a model of the current world context that is a domain theory to reduce the ambiguity inherent in the se...

this paper addresses adaptive observer design problem for joint estimation of the states and unknown parameters for a class of nonlinear systems which satisfying one-sided lipschitz and quadratic inner bounded conditions. it’s shown that the stability of the proposed observer is related to finding solutions to a quadratic inequality consists of state and parameter errors. a coordinate transform...

Background: Health insurance literacy is a nascent concept that has emerged mainly after the implementation of the law known as Obamacare in the United States. This study seeks to identify the themes of health insurance literacy in Iranian society. Methods: The study approach is qualitative. Data were collected using nine semi-structured interviews, ten focal group meetings with the presence o...

An interpretation of special relativity is presented with alternative principles that treat an appearance of simultaneity as physically real. This implies instantaneous propagation of incoming light, but maintains light’s invariable propagation rate of c by using an alternative measure of speed. The relativistic Doppler effect is derived from physical principles based on the direct appearance o...

This paper presents a new observer design methodology for a time varying actuator fault estimation. A new linear matrix inequality (LMI) design algorithm is developed to tackle the limitations (e.g. equality constraint and robustness problems) of the well known so called fast adaptive fault estimation observer (FAFE). The FAFE is capable of estimating a wide range of time-varying actuator fault...

Steering assist system controls the force transfer behavior of the steering system and improves the steering probability of the vehicle. Moreover, it is an interface between the diver and vehicle. Fault detection in electrical assisted steering systems is a challenging problem due to frequently use of these systems. This paper addresses the fault detection and reconstruction in automotive elect...