We studied experimentally and theoretically the electronic local density of states (LDOS) near single step edges at the surface of exfoliated graphite. In scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, we observed the ( √ 3 × √ 3)R30◦ and honeycomb superstructures both extending over 3−4 nm either from the zigzag or armchair edge. Calculations based on a density-functional derived nonorthogonal ti...

Bright Minds, Big Rent: Gentrification and the Rising Returns to Skill* In 1980, housing prices in the main US cities rose with distance to the city center. By 2010, that relationship had reversed. We propose that this development can be traced to greater labor supply of high-income households through reduced tolerance for commuting. In a tractlevel data set covering the 27 largest US cities, y...

Firm births and deaths are interrelated. Johnson and Parker (1994) have summarized the various causality relationships according to three different effects: (1) the Multiplier, (2) the Competition and (3) the Marshall effect. This article proposes an enlarged analytical framework by introducing the sectoral and cross-sectoral dimensions of firm demography. The expected interrelationships betwee...

The present article proposes a data analysis method for experimentally-derived measurements, which consists of an auto-optimization procedure and sensitivity analysis. was applied to the results total-reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) experiment, novel technique determining surface structures or position atoms near material surface. This solves numerically partial differentia...

By combining differential conductance (dI/dV) spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope and hybrid density functional theory simulations we explore the electronic characteristics of (1×1) (√3×√3)R30° terminations Cu2O(111) surface close to thermodynamic equilibrium. Although frequently observed experimentally, composition atomic structure these two remain controversial. Our results show...