The aim of the study was to determine changes of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme variables in the blood of horses sampled during the pre-slaughter period (in the lairage and in the stunning box) and during exsanguination. A total of 24 Slovenian warm-blooded horses were observed. Blood samples for determination of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematologi...

Searching for best configurations to achieve some goal is a fundamental trait of intelligence and can be found in many ancient stories, such as the Carthaginian bullhide rope in 800s B.C. and Sun’s strategy of rearranging of best, average and inferior horses to race against king’s in 340s B.C. in ancient China[1]. In the contemporary world, almost all branches of engineering have been highly de...

Objective: To investigate whether 14-3-3 eta protein is detectable in synovial fluid and blood serum of high performance horses and to study whether any significant correlation between this and matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 in horse synovial fluid. Design: Clinical study. Animals: Eleven standard breed horses (seven high performances and four controls). Procedures: Blood serum and fetlock...

There is ample evidence that incentive-pay structures, such as tournaments, result in increased performance. Is this due to selection or increased individual effort, and is any increased individual effort caused by pecuniary incentives or merely thirst for the thrill of victory (TOV)? Prior literature has not separated the different effects. We look at performance in horse and dog racing and fi...

Objective-The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intra-articular administration of tramadol in horses following arthroscopic surgery. Design-Experimental study. Animals-Ten Warmblood horses Procedures- Horses underwent arthroscopic surgery of the tarsocrural joint (TCJ) (8 horses) and ...

Abstract The Netherlands are a small country with an urban underworld history before serious problem of organized crime has developed since the 1980. interest mob in Horse Race Betting flourished that time. After long period Prohibition 1911 horse racing (especially trotting) and betting on results become very popular pastime it was permitted 1948. Especially during nineteen seventies eighties ...

These studies were designed to test cognitive dissonance theory's assertion that alternatives are not reevaluated before a choice. Participants viewed information about horses in a simulated race and rated each one's chance of winning three times before placing their bet and once after placing it. It was found that ratings of the chosen horse increased within the predecision period as well as a...

it is not known whether the instincts of wild horses have remained strong during their centuries of domestication. knowledge of this matter would give riders the opportunity to know more about the behavior of horses and consequently about safety for both horses and riders. in this current research, we studied the behavior of fifteen caspian miniature horses of different ages and sexes using sti...

Background: Cardiac murmur and subsequently cardiac failure is one of the poor-performance causes in athletic horses. Attention to murmur character is vital during heart examination. Polo is a sport which demands very high stress on horses, which may result in more stress on cardiovascular system. Objectives: In this study we assume that high pressure on polo horses makes them more susceptible ...

Previous studies showed that the Infratonic Stochastic Resonance (SR) therapy increases race performance on standard-bred horses and decreases the risk of inflammation and muscle injury. In the present study we continued investigating the benefits of this therapy on standard-bred racehorses. We expand the research to the analysis of the hyaluronic acid levels and the quality of the synovial flu...