According to a 2012 American Medical Association publication (Clinical Examples in Radiology, Vol. 8, Issue 3; Summer 2012), “microwave is part of the radiofrequency spectrum, and simply uses a different part of the radiofrequency spectrum to develop heat energy to destroy abnormal tissue.” Therefore, they instruct that microwave ablation should be reported using the CPT codes for radiofrequenc...

The signal intensity S is given by: S = γB0NB1g(v)/T Where N is the number of nuclei sampled, B1 is the field due to the applied radiofrequency radiation, and g(v) is the lineshape function. Hence, • S ∝ N (large sample and desirability of high isotopic abundance). • S ∝ γ (signals due to nuclei with large γ easiest to observe). • S ∝ B0 (advantage of maximum B0). • S ∝ 1/T (low temperatures gi...

We defined surgery as "definitive manipulation of an organ system or tissue to achieve a specific purpose, performed in a single-session, using energy.” (19) Historically, the most common energy source was mechanical. The surgeon simply moved his or her arm that held an instrument. Over the years, other forms of energy were used as a surgical effector. These included light energy (laser surgery...

Metastases to bone are common and often cause pain that is difficult to alleviate Cryoablation offers a potential alternative to conventional therapies for palliative pain control, such as external beam radiation or surgery Cryoablation offers advantages over radiofrequency or microwave ablation because: The procedure can be monitored with CT imaging Multiple cryoprobes can be placed in one tre...

We experimentally investigate the outcoupling of atoms from Bose-Einstein condensates using two radiofrequency rf fields in the presence of gravity. We show that the fringe separation in the resulting interference pattern derives entirely from the energy difference between the two rf fields and not the gravitational potential difference between the two resonances. We subsequently demonstrate ho...

Interaction of radiofrequency (RF) fields with biological tissue can involve either electric or magnetic fields. Many interaction mechanisms have been considered, both thermal and nonthermal, but it has not been established that any of these could result in adverse health effects at radiation levels below guidelines. The principles underlying most of these mechanisms have been well reviewed. Th...

Nuclear magnetic resonance medical imaging is a new diagnostic tool available to radiologist for investigating the morphology and pathophysiology of the human body. In the presence of constant, stable, and uniform magnetic field and the application of radiofrequency radiation, will enable to produce anatomic cross sections. The physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance medical imaging a...

This paper reviews the literature data on the genetic toxicology of radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Whereas in the past most studies were devoted to microwave ovens and radar equipment, it is now mobile telecommunication that attracts most attention. Therefore we focus on mobile telephone frequencies where possible. According to a great majority of the papers, radiofrequency fields, and mobile t...

The interventive device pathway refers to one of six pathways developed by the Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) that, together, describe the core domains of early translational cancer research. This pathway focuses on the development of devices (as classified by the Food and Drug Administration), designed for local ablation of cancer or precancerous lesions (e.g., radiation therapy, ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of radiation exposure patients with small renal masses undergoing percutaneous cyroablation (PCA) or percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) received during treatment and follow up. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on all patients with small renal masses <4 cm treated with PCA or PRFA over a 7-year peri...