the planning of a rail transit system is a complex process involving the determination of station locations and rail line alignments connecting the stations. There are many requirements and constraints to be considered in the planning process, with complex correlations and interactions, necessitating the application of optimization models in order to realize reliable and cost-effective rail tra...

As state transportation planners seek to build or support sustainable transportation systems in an era of economic challenges, they find few publicly available rail analysis models for stakeholders to examine the environmental impacts, socio-economic effects and costs associated in investing in rail infrastructure. This paper, taken from a University Transportation Center Program (UTCP Region 6...

This report evaluates criticism of rail transit systems. It examines claims that rail transit is ineffective at increasing public transit ridership and improving transportation system performance, that rail transit investments are not cost effective, and that transit is an outdated form of transportation. It finds that critics often misrepresent issues and use biased and inaccurate analysis. Th...

Foraging is a rapid, side-to-side movement of the nose generated by Caenorhabditis elegans as it explores its environment. In this paper, we present an automated method to detect and analyze foraging behavior of C. elegans in a video sequence. Several morphological image-processing methods are used to locate the precise nose position of the worm in each image. Then foraging events are detected ...

Bending property of Ti-Ni alloy dental castings was evaluated in comparison with that of Co-Cr alloy in a cantilever test. Heat treatment effect on the bending property was also investigated in relation to phase transformation. Ti-50.85Ni (mol%) alloy was used, and the shape of bending test specimens was half-rounded in cross section, 2.0mm in diameter. The bending test was carried out at 310K....

We report multi-responsive and double-folding bilayer hydrogel sheet actuators, whose directional bending response is tuned by modulating the solvent quality and temperature and where locally crosslinked regions, induced by ionoprinting, enable the actuators to invert their bending axis. The sheets are made multi-responsive by combining two stimuli responsive gels that incur opposing and comple...

We report on the mechanical fatigue behavior of printed, organic, thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on a polymer semiconductor, investigated by repeatedly applying strain to the flexible OTFT devices and assessing their electrical characteristics after 60,000 bending cycles. As part of our investigation, we established that the rates of reduction in source/drain currents in the OTFT device de...

We study the spin-up of the accreting neutron stars with a realistic hyperon-softened equation of state. Using precise 2-D calculations we study the evolutionary tracks of accreting neutron stars in the frequency baryon-mass and angular-momentum frequency plane. In contrast to the case of spinning-down solitary radiopulsars, where a strong back-bending behavior has been observed, we do not see ...

This article uses a trip attribute approach to examine the relative passenger attractiveness of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems compared to other transit modes. It examines how passengers value trip attributes for on-street bus, BRT, and light rail and heavy rail systems in passenger behavior research. Empirical data is presented which suggests that passengers value trip attributes for BRT and ...

Presented is a 0.9 V rail-to-rail constant gm CMOS amplifier input stage consisting of complementary differential pairs and a gm control circuit. The gm control circuit eliminates the gm dead zone, which occurs in the conventional rail-to-rail amplifier with ultra-low supply voltages. The proposed amplifier input stage has a constant gm that varies by +2.3% for rail-to-rail input common-mode le...