Natural products derived from the secondary metabolism of microbes constitute a cornerstone of modern medicine. Engineering bugs to produce these products in high quantities is a major challenge for biotechnology, which has usually been tackled by either one of two strategies: iterative random mutagenesis or rational design. Recently, we analyzed the transcriptome of a Streptomyces clavuligerus...

We study nonlinear approximation in Lp(R) (0 < p < ∞, d > 1) from (a) n-term rational functions, and (b) piecewise polynomials generated by different anisotropic dyadic partitions of Rd. To characterize the rates of each such piecewise polynomial approximation we introduce a family of smoothness spaces (B-spaces) which can be viewed as an anisotropic variation of Besov spaces. We use the B-spac...

Mate choice models derive from traditional microeconomic decision theory and assume that individuals maximize their Darwinian fitness by making economically rational decisions. Rational choices exhibit regularity, whereby the relative strength of preferences between options remains stable when additional options are presented. We tested female frogs with three simulated males who differed in re...

Game theory is often described as the study of interactive decision-making by rational agents. However, there are numerous applications of game theory where the agents are not fully rational, yet many of the conclusions remain valid. A case in point is biological competition between species, a topic pioneered by Maynard Smith and Price (1973). In this setting the ‘agents’ are representatives of...

This paper studies a bio-inspired framework, iNet-EGT, to build autonomous adaptive network applications. In iNet-EGT, each application is designed as a set of agents, each of which provides a functional service and possesses biological behaviors such as migration, replication and death. iNet-EGT implements an adaptive behavior selection mechanism for agents. It is designed after an immune proc...

during many years after second world war, keynos and welfare economy dominated europe and many other countries. transpiring the depression in 1970&apos;s and welfare government failure, market economy was observed by west politicians and voters. hayek was one of the few intellectuals who theoretically and practically opposed the welfare and keynes government by raising the economical spontaneou...

In recent ‘learning to forecast’ experiments with human subjects of Hommes, et al. (2005), three different patterns in aggregate price behavior have been observed: slow monotonic convergence, permanent price oscillations and dampened price fluctuations. These different aggregate outcomes are at odds with a representative agent who is fully rational or employs a single adaptive learning rule. We...