Cytochrome b (cytb), one of the most widely used and accepted genes for phylogenetic studies, was employed to evaluate the genetic diversity, from a creationist standpoint, within and between species of ravens, species of owls, and species of doves. These species were chosen since they are known to have existed shortly after the flood, some documented within 400 years of the flood. It was found...

Other individual's head- and eye-directions can be used as social cues indicating the presence of important events. Among birds, ravens and rooks have been shown to co-orient with conspecifics and with humans by following their gaze direction into distant space and behind visual screens. Both species use screens to cache food in private; also, it had been suggested that they may rely on gaze cu...

The n-back task requires participants to decide whether each stimulus in a sequence matches the one that appeared n items ago. Although n-back has become a standard “executive” working memory (WM) measure in cognitive neuroscience, it has been subjected to few behavioral tests of construct validity. A combined experimental–correlational study tested the attention-control demands of verbal 2and ...

Objective: This study evaluated the theory of mind (ToM) in adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder ‎‎(BD) during their euthymic period compared to a typically developing (TD) group.‎ Method: The BD group consisted of thirty 11-18 year old inpatients in euthymic phase. The TD ‎group included 30 age, gender, and IQ matched volunteer students. To assess the diagnosis and ‎comorbid disorders, ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was investigating and comparing two components of executive functioning in children with high function autism with normal children. METHODS This study was correlation descriptive (causal-comparative). There were two groups, one consisted of 15 participants of children with high function autism disorder (Intelligence quotient [IQ]>80) and the other consisted of ...

Cosmological arguments for God typically have two stages. The first stage argues a cause or necessary being, and the second from there to God. T. Ryan Byerly offers simple, abductive argument where best explanation why being is found existence that it perfect being. reasoning behind this universal generalizations explain observations of their instances; example, generalization all ravens are bl...

F ew groups of wild animals inspire such extreme opinions in the humans who observe them than members of the genus Corvus. In the book In the Company of Crows and Ravens [1], John Marzluff and Tony Angell quote Reverend Henry Ward Beecher's admiring words, " If men had wings and bore black feathers, few of them would be clever enough to be crows " (page 80 in [1]), but they also recount the opi...