BACKGROUND Geographical variation in health care services challenges the basic principle of fair allocation of health care resources. This study aimed to investigate geographical variation in the use of X-ray, CT, MRI and Ultrasound examinations in Norway, the contribution from public and private institutions, and the impact of accessibility and socioeconomic factors on variation in examination...

The U.S. population has nearly one radiographic examination per person per year, and concern about cancer risks associated with medical radiation has increased. Radiologic technologists were surveyed to determine whether their personal cumulative exposure to diagnostic X-rays was associated with increased frequencies of chromosome translocations, an established radiation biomarker and possible ...

Computed tomography (CT) is an essential tool in modern medicine and is frequently used to diagnose a wide range of conditions, particularly in industrial countries, such as Japan and Germany. However, markedly higher doses of ionizing radiation are delivered during CT imaging than during conventional X-ray examinations. To assess pediatric CT practice patterns, data from three university hospi...

INTRODUCTION X-ray examinations are commonly used in health care and, in most developed countries, they represent the largest man-made source of radiation exposure for the population. The need for standardization of radiation exposures has been suggested and the guidance levels for various radiographic and radioisotope examinations has been proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IA...

Recent advances in clinical, radiological and biological investigations have improved the accuracy of diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The routine examinations by auscultation and percussion and its completion by rc-ray examination bring forth numerous findings with respect to the extent of the diseases and the anatomo-pathological conditions of tuberculous patients. Repeated blood examinat...

Short intervals between bitewing examinations favor the timely detection of lesions on approximal surfaces. Long intervals reduce the exposure to radiation. Thus, the question arises which intervals between bite-wing examinations are appropriate. The length of intervals between bitewing examinations should be adapted to the caries risk on approximal surfaces of molars and premolars. In order to...

BACKGROUND Within the medical facilities provided by state healthcare services, a universally applied technique for patient diagnosis and treatment relies on ionising radiation; for example in radiotherapy and X-ray (ie. examination). Human exposure to such radiation is not however entirely free of associated health risks. OBJECTIVES To determine and estimate the numbers and types of X-ray ba...

We read with interest the 2005 version of the ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations (MCR) for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of germ cell tumour (GCT) patients [1, 2]. Although we are in agreement that MCR are intended to provide just a basic standard of care for all European countries, we would like to express some concerns regarding the recommendations for the follow-up strategy of GCT pa...

background: x-ray computed tomography (ct) examinations deliver a significant amount of radiation doses to patients comparing to conventional radiography examinations. the objective of the current study was to analyze and investigate the average patient received dose from axial and spiral ct exams in a medical imaging center. material and methods: in this study, the patient imaging technique, w...

The quasilinear theory for cosmic ray propagation is a well known and widely accepted theory. In this paper, we discuss the different contributions to the pitch-angle FokkerPlanck coefficient from large and small scales for slab geometry using the damping model of dynamical turbulence. These examinations will give us a hint on the limitation range where quasilinear approximation is a good appro...