Introduction Superficial X-ray therapy is one of the most important treatment methods in radiotherapy especially in the treatment of superficial skin lesions (Up to 300 kVp). Quality of the X-ray beam that can be expressed by Half-Value Layer (HVL), are important indices for this type of treatment effective energy of photon and Homogeneity Coefficient (HC). Materials and Methods The HC of the s...

Nb/Al/AlO x /Al/Nb Superconducting Tunnel Junctions (STJ's) have been studied extensively as photon detectors , because of their intrinsic capabilities in terms of charge output and energy resolving power. A critical element in such an STJ is the aluminum layer which separates the superconductive Nb from the AlO x tunnel barrier. In this paper, the role of this Al layer is investigated. The beh...

We describe the CASSI (Computer Animated Speech SImulator) software system, which creates facial animations corresponding to X-ray microbeam data. Each data le records a sequence of positions of the tongue, lips, and jaw of a human subject. The CASSI system utilizes Parke's model of a human head, augmented by a representation of the inside of the mouth, including the tongue. CASSI's output is a...

The spectra of plasmas produced by focusing the output of a Q-switched ruby laser (output I J) on the rare-earth metals have been studied. From samarium (Z = 62) to ytterbium (Z = 70), strong quasi-uniform continua are emitted in the wavelength range 40-2000 A. Line emission from the target elements is absent over most of this wavelength region, particularly below about 600 A. The use of these ...

In this study, we have studied the effects of temperature and X-ray energy variations on the light output signals from two different fiber-optic sensors, a fiber-optic dosimeter (FOD) based on a BCF-12 as a plastic scintillating fiber (PSF) and a fiber-optic thermometer (FOT) using a silver halide optical fiber as an infrared optical fiber (IR fiber). During X-ray beam irradiation, the scintill...

This paper presents a physical scattering model that predicts multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel characteristics conforming well to experimental observations in macrocells. Our approach is to start with a given single-input single-output power-delay profile (defined for specific range, bandwidth and antenna parameters) and fit a scattering model that characterizes the MIMO channel. F...

This paper discusses a methodology which uses a specially developed computer program that enables estimation of output parameters of an x-ray machine from a single test exposure. Exposure at skin entrance values can be estimated, as well as using the data from the program for organ dose estimates. To perform the estimation procedure, curves and analytical expressions for the curves are presente...

In many important applications of multidimensional DFTs, such as x-ray crystallography, the input/output data contains symmetries. This work gives support to some new and promising ideas proposed by Seguel to compute the fast Fourier Transform for data endowed with symmetries. Sequential experiments have been done and we expect to write parallel programs to explore our ideas.

In the structural analysis of proteins via X-ray diffraction, a rate-limiting step is in favourable nucleation, a problematic obstacle in successful generation of protein crystals. Here graphene and graphene oxide were applied to protein crystallisation trials, offering improvements in crystalline output and nucleation.

Context. Recently, much attention has been paid to the magnetic coupling (MC) process, which is supported by very high emissivity indexes observed in Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 and GBHC XTE J1650-500. But the rotational energy transferred from a black hole is simply assumed to be radiated away from the surrounding accretion disk in black-body spectrum, which is obviously not consistent with t...