We establish a relationship between reachability problems in timed automata and spacebounded counter automata. We show that reachability in timed automata with three or more clocks is logarithmic-space inter-reducible with reachability in space-bounded counter automata with two counters. We moreover show the logarithmic-space equivalence of reachability in two-clock timed automata and space-bou...

As diverse therapeutic options are now available for advanced melanoma patients, predictive markers that may assist treatment decision are needed. A model based on baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), peripheral blood relative lymphocyte counts (RLC) and eosinophil counts (REC) and pattern of distant metastasis, has been recently proposed for pembrolizumab-treated patients. Here, we appl...

The landmark Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) studied the relationship between diesel exhaust exposure (DEE) and lung cancer mortality of workers at eight nonmetal mines who were followed from beginning of dieselization of the mines (1947-1967) through December 31, 1997. The original analyses quantified DEE exposures using exposure to respirable elemental carbon (REC) to represent DEE, and...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Root biomass is an important trait often disregarded in woody perennial selection due to the challenge and expense of accurately and efficiently measuring large populations. In this study, we aim to develop a simple method that can predict root dry weight within a diverse shrub willow (Salix) breeding population representing species hybrids and their parents using root elec...

BACKGROUND Clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) often results from pathologies that cause atrial structural remodeling. The reversibility of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling on removal of the underlying stimulus has not been studied systematically. METHODS AND RESULTS Chronically instrumented dogs were subjected to 4 to 6 weeks of ventricular tachypacing (VTP; 220 to 240 bpm) to induce conge...

PmrA, an OmpR/PhoB family response regulator, manages genes for antibiotic resistance. Phosphorylation of OmpR/PhoB response regulator induces the formation of a symmetric dimer in the N-terminal receiver domain (REC), promoting two C-terminal DNA-binding domains (DBDs) to recognize promoter DNA to elicit adaptive responses. Recently, determination of the KdpE-DNA complex structure revealed an ...

Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 mutant in the genes controlling excision repair (uvr) and genetic recombination (rec) have been studied with reference to their radiosensitivity and their ability to repair X-ray-induced single-strand breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Mutations in the rec genes appreciably increase the radiosensitivity of E. coli K-12, whereas uvr mutations produce little i...

CONTEXT Monitoring mood state is a useful tool for avoiding nonfunctional overreaching. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in stress-related mood disorders. PURPOSE To investigate the impact of intensified training-induced mood disturbance on plasma BDNF concentrations at rest and in response to exercise. METHODS Eight cyclists performed 1 wk of normal (NT), 1 wk of inte...

A recent result has shown that reachability in two-clock timed automata is log-space equivalent to reachability in bounded onecounter automata [6]. We show that reachability in bounded one-counter automata is PSPACE-complete.

In applicative theories the recursion theorem provides a term rec which solves recursive equations. However, it is not provable that a solution obtained by rec is minimal. In the present paper we introduce an applicative theory in which it is possible to define a least fixed point operator. Still, our theory has a standard recursion theoretic interpretation.