نتایج جستجو برای: reactive astrocytes
تعداد نتایج: 171535 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Reactive astrocytes form a scar after injury to the CNS that many investigators believe contributes to the lack of functional regeneration. In the present study, we identify an astrocytic membrane protein that appears to play an important role in reactive gliosis and scar formation. Cultures of rat astrocytes were used as a model system to produce and to screen monoclonal antibodies that would ...
Currently, all methods for converting non-neuronal cells into neurons involve injury to the brain; however, whether neuronal transdifferentiation can occur long after the period of insult remains largely unknown. Here, we use the transcription factor NEUROD1, previously shown to convert reactive glial cells to neurons in the cortex, to determine whether astrocyte-to-neuron transdifferentiation ...
We have recently demonstrated that reactive glial cells can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons by a single neural transcription factor, NeuroD1. Here we report that a combination of small molecules can also reprogram human astrocytes in culture into fully functional neurons. We demonstrate that sequential exposure of human astrocytes to a cocktail of nine small molecules that inhi...
Matricellular proteins are secreted, nonstructural proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and interactions between cells through modulation of growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Despite being well described in the context of nonneuronal tissues, recent studies have revealed that these molecules may also play instrumental roles in central nervous...
Normal and reactive astrocytes in the cerebral cortex of the rat have been studied with the electron microscope following focal alpha particle irradiation. The presence of glycogen and approximately 60-A fibrils identify astrocyte cytoplasm in formalin-perfused tissue. The glycogen particles facilitate the identification of small processes and subpial and perivascular end-feet. Both protoplasmi...
The prevailing view of the astrocytic response to injury is that reactive astrocytes impede the regenerative process by forming scar tissue. As the levels of many cytokines dramatically increase following CNS insult and as this increase in cytokine expression precedes the production of the glial scar, a longstanding view has been that cytokines diminish neuronal survival and regeneration by sti...
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