introduction: risk is an essential component in the production and sale of agricultural products. due to the nature of agricultural products, the people who act in this area including farmers and businesspersons encounter unpredictable fluctuations of prices. on the other hand, the firms that process agricultural products also face fluctuation of price of agricultural inputs. given that the can...

Cloud computing has been marketed as having multiple benefits. However, organizations remain hesitant to adopt it. For cloud computing providers, it is important to understand how to influence organizations’ adoption decision. However, extant literature has focused on cloud computing’s architecture, potential applications, and costs and benefits without understanding how organizations’ percepti...

Real options theory predicts that international joint ventures (IJVs) confer valuable growth options to firms, yet there has been no direct evidence on whether firms actually capture growth option value from such investments or under what conditions. We bridge the gap between theory and evidence by empirically testing this prediction, and we also develop the theoretical arguments that an IJV’s ...

The real estate market of EU countries has undergone a severe global financial crisis 2008–2009, recovered successfully later, and now experiencing significant uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic event. Significant volatility business is once again evident, just as it was following crisis. paper aims provide case study project by giving insight into Latvian that had been similar economic u...

Many start-up companies rely upon venture capitalists to begin operations. Typically, after the initial injection of funds, additional funding is provided as the firm reaches certain performance targets. The payment of the first funding round is comparable to an initial option premium. Further payments are contingent claims: the right but not the obligation to continue financially supporting th...

limited but growing literature exists on the application of real options methodology to the information and communications technology (ICT) industries. The methodology has been applied to examining the sunk costs of assets and the regulator's impact on the distribution of returns; economic depreciation; an analysis of capacity in long distance data service, and optimization of wireless capacity...