Since CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40Lig) interactions are essential in vivo for the generation of germinal center B cells that express Fas (Apo-1/CD95), we explored whether CD40 engagement may modulate Fas expression and function on human B lymphocytes. Resting tonsil B cells, isolated by density gradient centrifugation, express either absent or low levels of Fas. They could be induced to promptly expr...

A gene encoding Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP), known as a vaccine candidate, was stably expressed in Toxoplasma gondii (Tg/BgTRAP). The molecular weight and the antigenic reaction of recombinant BgTRAP expressed by the Tg/BgTRAP were similar to the original ones expressed by B. gibsoni. To evaluate the antigenicity of the recombinant BgTRAP expressed by T. gon...

hydatid cyst, the larval stage of cestodes echinococcus spp., is recognized as a zoonotic infection in the world. the world health organization (who) has recently classified echinococcosis in a group of neglected tropical diseases.the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus infection is high in iran due to the presence of various intermediate hosts in this country. considering the rising trend of...

conclusions although the frequency of hbsag seropositivity in the present study was close to that observed in the overall iranian population, the seroprevalence of anti-hbc was higher, possibly due to the exposure of the elderly to more risk factors. the risk factors were similar. these included a history of blood transfusions, cupping, hospital admission, endoscopy, or familial hbv/hcv infecti...

The central nervous system (CNS) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is the site where disease pathology is evident. Damaged CNS tissue is commonly associated with immune cell infiltration. This infiltrate often includes B cells that are found in multiple locations throughout the CNS, including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), parenchyma, and the meninges, frequently forming tertiary lymphoi...

Mature T-cell neoplasms are relatively uncommon, accounting for approximately 10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This category of hematopoietic neoplasms is clinically aggressive and shows a poor response to therapy and shortened survival. The antigen CD20 has long been thought to be a specific marker for B-cell lineage and has been used to help differentiate T-cell and B-cell neoplasms. We pres...

Abstract Background and Aims: Influenza A(H5N1) viruses  circulating in animals might evolve and acquire the ability to spread from  human to human and thus start a pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) has been shown to play a major role in binding of influenza virus to its target cell and the main neutralizing antibody responses elicit against this region. Recent studies have shown that...

The bovine tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is found in several tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This parasite transmits pathogens that cause disease, such as babesiosis (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale). Tick infestations cause enormous livestock losses, and controlling tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases rema...

hydatid cyst is an important and zoonotic infection caused by cystic stage of echinococcus granulosus. it is a major and economic problem in most areas of the world that livestock are kept such as iran. in this study, a total of 111 buffalo,s sera from center of buffalo sperm preparation (cbsp), orumia (west azarbayjan province, iran, 2003) were examined for the presence of hydatidosis by using...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The conventional method used for subtyping of antibodies against avian influenza viruses is hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. However, the HI test is laborious and requires preparation of antigen from viable viruses that might be hazardous. The aim of this study was to develop a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-ELISA) for detection of antibody of avian i...