Homogeneous DNA polymerase (“reverse transcriptase”) from avian myeloblastosis virus was assayed for exodeoxyribonuclease activity. The substrates were defined template. initiator complexes in which different radioactive nucleotides were present at the 3’-OH termini of the initiator. Even when the number of molecules of enzyme was equal to the number of initiator termini, there was no significa...

Ionic liquid based systems are used to facilitate the cationic polymerization of isobutylene conventional grade polyisobutylene (PIB) using AlCl3 as an initiator. Specifically, compound 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL) is employed a reference system due its simplicity, well polyionic (PIL), prepared via radical 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride, and halloysite clay (Hal) supported io...

The unknown modified nucleotide G*, isolated from both Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Torulopsis utilis initiator tRNAs(Met), has been identified as an O-ribosyl-(1"----2')-guanosine-5"-phosphate, called Gr(p), by means of HPLC, UV-absorption, mass spectrometry and periodate oxidation procedures. By comparison with the previously published structure of Ar(p) isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisia...

Boundary area study by one laboratory is an effective way for the construction of bilogical systems. One research approaches depends on how to develop synthetically important reaction via electron transfer, construct functionalized redox systems, and design chirality-organized spaces with secondary structures. A combination these strategies allowed provide efficient artificial redox-active Base...

All organisms maintain a strict redox environment, crucial for cell physiology, by preserving the pro-oxidant compounds generated during cell metabolism and from antioxidant system elements. In pathophysiological conditions, the redox environ‐ ment is altered, causing oxidative stress, cell damage, and eventually cell death. In this chapter, we review the elements involved in the redox environm...

Selection of a translation initiation site is thought to be determined by relative proximity to the 5' end and sequence context of a potential initiator codon. These guidelines seem insufficient to explain translation of the Drosophila E74A mRNA, whose 5' untranslated region is exceptionally long (1.8 kb) and contains many AUG triplets preceding the long open reading frame. In an effort to unde...

The replicon of the low copy number plasmid pSC101 has an obligatory requirement for the dnaA initiator protein of Escherichia coli as well as a plasmid-encoded initiator protein. We have identified the cistron of the plasmid-encoded initiator by DNA sequence analysis. Fusion of the initiator cistron with the lacZ gene of E. coli yielded a fusion protein of approximately equal to 150 kilodalton...

Of all tRNAs, initiator tRNA is unique in its ability to start protein synthesis by directly binding the ribosomal P-site. This ability is believed to derive from the almost universal presence of three consecutive G-C base (3G-C) pairs in the anticodon stem of initiator tRNA. Consistent with the hypothesis, a plasmid-borne initiator tRNA with one, two, or all 3G-C pairs mutated displays negligi...

Solid oxide fuel cells are able to convert fuels, including hydrocarbons, to electricity with an unbeatable efficiency even for small systems. One of the main limitations for long-term utilization is the reduction-oxidation cycling (RedOx cycles) of the nickel-based anodes. This paper will review the effects and parameters influencing RedOx cycles of the Ni-ceramic anode. Second, solutions for ...