Northern leopard frogs Rana pipiens exposed to PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) were examined for hepatic oxidative stress. In a dose-response study, northern leopard frogs were injected intraperitoneally with either PCB 126 in corn oil (0.2, 0.7, 2.3, or 7.8 mg/kg body weight) or corn oil alone. In a time-course study, frogs received 7.8 mg/kg or corn oil alone, and were examined at 1...

Background: Alteration in oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as antioxidant status is known to occur in carcinogenesis and during treatment of cancer with chemotherapeutic drugs. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) glutathione-stransferase (GST) and nitric oxide (NO • ) in post-operative stage II breast cancer patients under...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in glutathione redox ratio (GSSG·GSH(-1)) in red blood cells (RBCs) and whole blood in well-trained men following a ski marathon. 16 male subjects (27.0 ± 4.7 yrs, 1.81 ± 0.06 m, 77.6 ± 9.6 kg, VO2max 66.2 ± 5.7 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) were examined before the competition (pre- COMP), after the competition (post-COMP) and during an 18-hour rec...

UNLABELLED STUDY AND OBJECTIVES: (Na + K)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and morphologic characteristics of the lung and kidney of rats under acute ethanol intoxication were assessed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of tissue damage. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS Adult rats were given ethanol (5.5 g/kg) 3 h before performing the biochemical and morp...

The maleylpyruvate isomerase NagL from Ralstonia sp. strain U2, which has been structurally characterized previously, catalyzes the isomerization of maleylpyruvate to fumarylpyruvate. It belongs to the class zeta glutathione S-transferases (GSTZs), part of the cytosolic GST family (cGSTs). In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to probe the functions of 13 putative active site r...

Literatures have reported that the pharmacological mechanism of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is strictly dependent on its ability to mimic the endogenous antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), utilizing reduced glutathione (GSH) to deactivate hydroperoxides. However, in the present study, we investigated the strict dependence of DPDS on GSH utilization via its GPx mimetic ability by mo...

Canalicular glutathione secretion provides the major driving force for bile acid-independent bile flow (BAIF), although the pathways involved are not established. The hypothesis that GSH efflux proceeds by a route functionally distinct from the high-affinity, low-capacity, mrp2-mediated pathway was tested by using perfused rat liver and three choleretic compounds that modify biliary secretion o...

2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh) is an important mitochondria redox sensor that can undergo S-glutathionylation following an increase in H2O2 levels. Although S-glutathionylation is required to protect Ogdh from irreversible oxidation while simultaneously modulating its activity it remains unknown if glutathione can also modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the complex. We re...

Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the detoxification of electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the biotransformation of some xenobiotics. Many toxicologically important compounds undergo metabolic activation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly isoenzyme CYP 2E1, to electrophilic reactive intermediates such as: epoxides, quinones, aldeh...

Glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) is one of the two known hereditary causes of glutathione deficiency. We describe a family whose two children have hemolytic anemia. The children's erythrocytes lack GSH and are severely deficient in GSH-S activity. No neurologic findings or 5-oxoprolinuria were present. A concurrent deficiency of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was also detected in the erythrocyte...