We consider the class of all commutative reduced rings for which there exists a finite subset T ⊂ A such that all projections on quotients by prime ideals of A are surjective when restricted to T . A complete structure theorem is given for this class of rings, and it is studied its relation with other finiteness conditions on the quotients of a ring over its prime ideals. Introduction Our aim i...

let $f: arightarrow b$ be a ring homomorphism and let $j$ be an ideal of $b$. in this paper, we investigate the transfer of the property of coherence to the amalgamation $abowtie^{f}j$. we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for $abowtie^{f}j$ to be a coherent ring.

Computational grid computing has emerged as one of the most promising research areas in high performance and distributed computing. The ability to allocate large numbers of resources for a parallel application with a greatly reduced cost makes the concept grid computing highly appealing. The heterogeneous nature of a grid creates a complex application environment; the nature of faults within th...

Non-Markovian reduced dynamics of an open system is investigated. In the case the initial state of the reservoir is the vacuum state, an approximation is introduced which makes possible to construct a reduced dynamics which is completely positive.

California is a leader among states in its efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Under the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Assembly Bill 32), the state has set itself on a course to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. In addition to its cap-and-trade program, California aims to accomplish this objective via a large assortment of complementary...

A synthetic sequence has been developed to selectively functionalize the furan ring of the natural product salvinorin A (2a). The synthetic routes described convert the furan ring in 2a into an N-sulfonylpyrrole, oxazole or an oxadiazole. In addition, a procedure has been found to remove the furan skeleton completely. Biological results indicate that replacement of the furan ring with an N-sulf...

a module m is called epi-retractable if every submodule of m is a homomorphic image of m. dually, a module m is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. in special case, a ring r is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if rr (resp. rr) is co-epi-retractable. it is proved that if r is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of r is an epi-retractable ...

To develop a π-conjugation circuit switched by redox reaction between 3-pyridone and 3-hydroxypyridine, ring-contracted analogue of oxypyriporphyrin, 2-oxypyritriphyrin(1.2.1) was prepared. When 2-oxypyritriphyrin treated with NaBH4, not only the 3-oxypyridine unit, but also meso-carbon reduced. The reduced analog could be oxidized again to afford in reversible manner.

A module M is called epi-retractable if every submodule of M is a homomorphic image of M. Dually, a module M is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. In special case, a ring R is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if RR (resp. RR) is co-epi-retractable. It is proved that if R is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of R is an epi-retractable ...