There is a broad range of BioNLP tasks for which active learning (AL) can significantly reduce annotation costs and a specific AL algorithm we have developed is particularly effective in reducing annotation costs for these tasks. We have previously developed an AL algorithm called ClosestInitPA that works best with tasks that have the following characteristics: redundancy in training material, ...

BACKGROUND In the current economic climate, hospitals and academic institutions demand that medical departments function in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Detailed business plans are necessary to build new clinical programs, and institutions have learned that new programs are associated with significant costs for purchasing and maintaining equipment. We report our experience with repai...

A small reduction in prescribing costs is reported from a general practice that has been using a computer for repeat prescribing for three years. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The information available from the Prescription Pricing Authority (PPA) and from practice workload measurements was found to be inconclusive. An elaboration of the computer-controlled system of repeat presc...

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Background With the looming fear of costs for cancer care escalating over the next decade, the general aim of policy makers the world over is directing efforts towards “bending the cost curve”. Pancreatic cancer is on the rise and pancreatoduodenectomy is the only curative option available. The aim of the current report is to analyze the published literature on data addressing the issue of cost...

To reduce mutation test costs, different strategies were proposed to find a set of essential operators that generates a reduced number of mutants without decreasing the mutation score. However, the operator selection is influenced by other factors, such as: number of test data, execution time, number of revealed faults, etc. In fact this is a multiobjective problem. For that, different good sol...

One of the greater issues in Genetic Programming (GP) is the computational effort required to run the evolution and discover a good solution. Phenomena such as program bloating (where genetic programs rapidly grow in size) can quickly exhaust available memory resources and slow down the evolutionary process, while the heavy cost of performing fitness evaluation can make problems which have a lo...

Storage consumption continues to grow rapidly, especially with the popularity of multimedia files. Storage hardware costs represent a small fraction of overall management costs, which include frequent maintenance and backups. Our key approach to reducing total storage management costs is to reduce actual storage consumption. We achieve this in two ways. First, we classify files into categories ...

Verification of software can be as much as 88% of the total cost to deliver a high dependability system. Significant manual effort is often required to produce required verification evidence. Formal methods are believed to hold promise by providing a more automatic means of verification. Advances have been made in theorem provers and model checkers aimed to support the verification efforts, how...

Information Systems (IS) sourcing continues to be a topic of great concern to both IS professionals and senior management. While a number of articles and books discuss the pros and cons of outsourcing, little has been written about companies that evaluate outsourcing but choose insourcing. Do companies actually achieve the cost savings proposed in the insourcing bid? This question prompted the ...