Index coding is often studied with the assumption that a single source has all the messages requested by the receivers. We refer to this as centralized index coding. In contrast, this paper focuses on distributed index coding and addresses the following question: How does the availability of messages at distributed sources (storage nodes) affect the solutions and achievable rates of index codin...

This paper proposes a method for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) complete observability power system based on degree neighbourhood vertices. A three-stage algorithm is used to determine minimum number PMUs needed make observable. The key objective proposed methodology minimize total completely observe network and thereby installation cost. In addition, technique also fo...

quantum-dot cellular automata (qca) is an emerging and promising technology that provides significant improvements over cmos. recently qca has been advocated as an applicant for implementing reversible circuits. however qca, like other nanotechnologies, suffers from a high fault rate. the main purpose of this paper is to develop a fault tolerant model of qca circuits by redundancy in hardware a...

the study was performed for assess the environmental factors affecting weed species diversity and composition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fields in jajarm, north-khorasan of iran, in 2009. the crop management (herbicide, amount of nitrogen applied and preceding crop type) and edaphic factors (ph, texture and content of phosphorus) of 16 fields were collected. shannon’s diversity index, spec...

This study explores an effective method for constructing a landscape model of characteristic rural towns. In this study, the pattern index towns is obtained by calculating total area, patch density, shape index, and average fractal dimension area At same time, calculates minimum function three-dimensional town cloud fusion transformation. uses to calculate 3D translation transformation, rotatio...