This paper studies the determinants of economies scope and quantifies their impact on extensive intensive product margins in retail. We use a framework based multiproduct technology to model stores’ incentives expand variety. Using novel Swedish data categories stores, we find that high-productivity stores offer more sell products all categories. Stores with high-demand shocks specialize fewer ...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between dollar store expansion and food access. We begin by documenting growth stores over time comparing areas with without poor Using a time-varying measure accessibility, we identify persistent access challenges, where supermarket large grocery have been absent for entire period (2000–2017), track into these areas. use combination geoc...

Prices affect food purchase decisions, particularly in lower-income communities, where access to a range of food retailers (including supermarkets) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine differences in staple food pricing between small urban food stores and the closest supermarkets, as well as whether pricing differentials varied based on proximity between small stores and larger reta...

Consider the single server queue with an infinite buffer and a FIFO discipline, either of type M/M/1 or Geom/Geom/1. Denote by A the arrival process and by s the services. Assume the stability condition to be satisfied. Denote by D the departure process in equilibrium and by r the time spent by the customers at the very back of the queue. We prove that (D, r) has the same law as (A, s) which is...