conclusions the evidence in the discussed topics was limited and controversial. this report is important because it exposes the current knowledge gap in head trauma studies in iran. evidence acquisition the guidelines were appraised using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (agree) instrument. all key recommendations were reviewed by 14 prominent iranian neurosurgeons; level...

BACKGROUND A cost-effectiveness analysis of timely dialysis referral after renal transplant failure was undertaken from the perspective of the Public Administration. The current Spanish situation, where all the patients undergoing graft function loss are referred back to dialysis in a late manner, was compared to an ideal scenario where all the patients are timely referred. METHODS A Markov m...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who do not disclose their HIV status to their partners are more likely to present late for HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) care than those who have disclosed their HIV status to their partners. A major area of challenge with regards to HIV counseling for clients is disclosure of their HIV status to their partn...

Introduction Community health clinics/centers (CHCs) comprise the US's core health-safety net and provide primary care to anyone who walks through their doors. However, access to specialty care for CHC patients is a big challenge. Materials and methods In this descriptive qualitative study, semistructured interviews of 37 referral coordinators of CHCs were used to describe their perspectives ...

BACKGROUND Patients with long-term neurological conditions often have low levels of physical activity and participation in exercise. Exercise referral schemes have been introduced in the UK to encourage physical activity in sedentary and clinical populations but typically exclude patients with long-term neurological conditions. We have developed and evaluated an exercise support system for peop...

BACKGROUND Information about clinical outcomes of very preterm (VPT) infants in tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting is scant in China. This study aimed to investigate the mortality and morbidity of VPT infants admitted to BaYi Children's Hospital, which serves as a NICU referral center for the city of Beijing, China. METHODS Retrospectively collected perinatal/neonatal data o...

OBJECTIVES To assess occupational injuries in the 1st versus 2nd half of a working shift in terms of (a) the likelihood of hospital referral following an injury event; (b) the external causes of injuries. METHODS Logistic regression analyses of data from a 16-year (1991-2007) experience of ongoing surveillance of occupational injuries in a synthetic fiber factory in Iran. RESULTS The likeli...

BACKGROUND The burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on national healthcare systems is expected to increase substantially in future years. Referral guidelines for general practitioners (GPs) and pulmonologists may lead to more efficient use of healthcare facilities. We explored the prevailing views of pulmonologists regarding referral and once-only consultation in as...

Analytical solutions have been obtained for both conservative and non-conservative forms of one-dimensional transport and transport-dispersion equations applicable for pollution as a result of a non-conservative pollutant-disposal in an open channel with linear spatially varying transport velocity and nonlinear spatially varying dispersion coefficient on account of a steady unpolluted lateral i...