We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the far-field diffraction patterns of single circular apertures as a function of their diameters d and at a given illumination wavelength λ. We observe the transition between the well-known pseudoscalar regime of large holes (d≫λ) and the less-known vectorial regime of subwavelength ones (d≪λ). Four different diffraction regimes are identifie...

It has been shown that Gaussian processes are a competitive tool for nonparametric regression and classiication. Furthermore they are equivalent to neural networks in the limit of an innnite number of neurons. Here we show that the versatility of Gaussian processes at deening diierent textural characteristics can be used to recognise diierent regimes in a signal switching between diierent sources.

Two-dimensional nonmonotonic conservative maps are recognized to be of relevance in modeling a number of nonlinear systems, for instance, laser acceleration of charged particles @1–6#, and the nonlinear flow of magnetic field lines in fusion machines such as tokamaks and others @7,8#. As opposed to more traditional monotonic versions, nonmonotonic maps are characterized by frequency curves that...

This paper investigates the role of beliefs over monetary policy in propagating the effects of monetary policy within the context of a dynamic, stochastic general equilibrium model. In our model, monetary policy periodically switches between low and high money growth regimes. When individuals are unable to directly observe the current regime, they will assign some probability to the low money g...

Clouds are repeatedly identified as a leading source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. Of particular importance are stratocumulus clouds, which can appear as either (i) closed cells that reflect solar radiation back to space or (ii) open cells that allow solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. Here we show that these clouds regimes – open versus closed cells – fit the paradigm...

A dynamic regime is a function that takes treatment and covariate history and baseline covariates as inputs and returns a decision to be made. Murphy (2003, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 65, 331-366) and Robins (2004, Proceedings of the Second Seattle Symposium on Biostatistics, 189-326) have proposed models and developed semiparametric methods for making inference about th...

Introduction Conclusions References

As environmental degradation increases around the globe, especially in relation to open access resources, new policies to augment sustainability have to be invented. The purpose of this paper is to provide a most concrete example of some of the difficulties involved, by means of examining recent data about the so-called Helcom regime for the Baltic Sea. The findings include that the heralded th...

temperature is one of the most important climate variables that many economic and social plans related to its changes. because of the importance of this issue, this study investigated the changes of it in the province khuzestan. meteorological data that used in this study is mean temperature in annual and seasonal timescale. the study area is abadan, ahwaz, dezful and omidiye stations. for anal...