Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

The article is devoted to the problem of development integration links between countries in global space on basis formation trade and economic agreements. role regional processes world economy was described. author’s understanding groupings given. evolution international agreements has been determined. leading groups system relations reviewed. Indicators effectiveness their ties have calculated...

In this paper the gravity equation is used to analyse the impact on trade flows of different types of RIAs. Special emphasis is devoted to the test of the natural bloc hypothesis as well as the comparison of different degrees of integration. The empirical analysis has shown that RIAs have a strong impact in determining trade flows. Particularly, the effects on intra-regional trade are shown to ...

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in currency :union:s internationally. The formation of currency :union: in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has drawn much attention of Islamic countries. This paper aims to investigate the effect of currency :union: formation for trade among 49 Islamic countries over the period 1990-2012 by OCA and Augmented Gravity Model (AGM). T...

The paper examines the development of foreign trade institutions and policies in Central European countries that were invited to negotiate accession to the EU. The dismantling of state trading has dramatically liberalized conditions in market access. Yet, with the exception of Estonia and to a lesser extent the Czech Republic, they have followed the policy of bilateral rather than multilateral ...

This review paper seeks to analyse African integration in terms of its magnitude of solidarity, the state and typology of integration and functioning. It assesses the strengths, weaknesses, objectives, successes and failures of the African integration project as well as threats to its survival. The primary goal is to sift between issues with the view of better informing the future of the integr...

Mercosur has achieved important advances like the removal of intrabloc tariff and non-tariff barriers and the establishment of a common external tariff for most products. However, its ambitious plans to deepen the integration process comprising harmonisation of policies in areas like competition policy, government procurement, technical barriers and phytosanitary measures have not been implemen...