introduction: agriculture as one of old sectors of economy has been important role in the supply food for peoples and raw materials. globalization causes rapid growth of world trade and reduces information and communications costs. globalization and rapid growth of trade increases the potential benefits of trade for agriculture from various aspects. the potential benefits of trade for agricultu...

JEL Classification: F16, F43 This study examines the impacts of CO2 emissions on economic growth of Vietnam for the period 1986-2015 by using Autogressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results reveal that there is cointegration relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. In the long run carbon dioxide emissions have a significant negative impact on Vietnam economic growth. There...

This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced emissions are estimated addition total Estimated accommodate more flexible forms than those widely adopted testing Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) b...

In auspicious macroeconomic setting, monetary policy should increase credit availability, particularly in the real sector, to spur investment; however, this is not case Nigerian economy. study, impact of on bank and investment Nigeria from 1981 2020 was investigated. The central Nigeria’s statistics bulletin source data used study. Using gathered, study Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). s...

The aim of this paper is to find the relationship among government and private capital formation in Pakistan during period 1981 2018. This study employs Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound test. results show that infrastructure investment negatively effects on long run short run, indicating crowds out investment. In determining role liberalization policies, have important policy impli...

The motivation of this study has been to identify the effects multidimensional perspectives macroeconomic volatility on growth external debt in Nigeria from 1970 2018. Methodologically, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and TodaYamamoto causality approach were adopted. For purpose understanding perspective volatility, was disaggregated into three different which are: outcomes, domes...

Purpose To study the key determinants of chronically high inflation in Iran. Design/methodology/approach Relying on annual data from 1978 to 2019, authors employ an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM) inflationary effects monetary fiscal policies as well exchange rate swings sanctions intensification. Findings The find that increase money supply, deprec...

Wealth sustainability has always remained a policy concern for policymakers in developing economies like Pakistan. This study filled the gap by investigating weak and determinants of wealth accumulation 46 years, from 1972 to 2017, been analyzed through Genuine Savings (GS) Index.Moreover, auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model applied find out effects determining factors ̶ which include ...

Objective : This study explores and compares short-run long-run analyses of the validity precautionary mercantilist approaches to accumulation foreign exchange reserves (FER) in Pakistan. Research Design & Methods uses quarterly data from 1990 (1st) 2015 (4th). The autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) test is used check for Findings empirical results reveal that Pakistan accumulates FER a...