We investigated the basal and dynamic regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axes and prolactin secretion in 52 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. These patients also had gadolinium enhanced brain MRI scans and were divided into relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive and primary progress...

Background: It has been reported that liver function alterations occur in 8–38% of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with interferon-beta in controlled clinical trials or in prospective but non-controlled studies. We report herein a case of symptomatic liver dysfunction associated with two-year-period of regular interferon-beta-1a (Avonex®) intramuscular inje...

Background: Tumor necrosis factor α, a proinflammatory cytokine, was found to play an important role with the clinical activity of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and the development of progression. Dysregulation in the expression of tumor necrosis factor gene had been suggested in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relation between tumor ne...

BACKGROUND A considerable percentage of multiple sclerosis patients have attentional impairment, but understanding its neurophysiological basis remains a challenge. The Attention Network Test allows 3 attentional networks to be studied. Previous behavioural studies using this test have shown that the alerting network is impaired in multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify neuro...

aim and background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which primary symptoms emerges in adults between the age 20 and 40 years old. previous findings indicate 15-20 percent of multiple sclerosis (ms) patients are diagnosed with executive function impairments. the purpose of this study is to evaluate planning function as one of executive f...

Clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), such as optic neuritis, brainstem or spinal cord syndromes are frequently the first clinical presentations of multiple sclerosis. However, not all CIS patients develop multiple sclerosis and in those who do, disability is highly variable. In previous follow-up studies, brain lesions on T2-weighted MRI are associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis ...

1994). 4. PRISMS Study Group: Randomiseddouble-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remittingmultiple sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention ofRelapses and Disability by Interferon β-1a Subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) StudyGroup [see comments]. Lancet 352,1498–1504 (1998).5. Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA et al.:Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rat...

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a every 2 weeks significantly affects clinical outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). OBJECTIVES To explore relationships between relapses and worsening of disability in patients with RRMS, and assess the treatment effect of peginterferon beta-1a on relapse recovery. METHODS Post-hoc analysis of the 2-year, random...

Cognitive fatigue is a common, often debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MS patients frequently report that fatigue negatively affects cognitive functioning, most studies have found little evidence for a direct relationship between self-reported cognitive fatigue and traditional measures of neuropsychological functioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine the...

BACKGROUND Current multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment is only partially effective and not all patients respond well. The goal in this study was to evaluate minocycline for its safety, tolerability, and MRI impact as a potential therapy over 36 months after a three month run-in in ten relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients. METHODS Clinical assessments were at three month intervals until six mont...